马廉祯1，黄银伟2
(1.华南师范大学 体育科学学院，广东 广州 510006；2.暨南大学 体育学院，广东 广州 510632)
摘 要：晚明武术在保留实用技击功能同时，呈现出带有游戏色彩的多元面向。引入赫伊津哈的游戏理论，从规则、空间、时间及精神4个维度，考察这一转型的演进逻辑。晚明武术展现出的游戏特征，并不是否定其实用功能，而是特定文化语境下的一种主动适应与价值重塑。士大夫阶层对“文武合一”理想的追求、商品经济的演进及心学等思潮的流行，共同促使武术超越纯粹的技艺层面，融入更丰富的文化意涵。具体表现为：武术规则与仪式趋向精细化，习练空间多元化并带有区隔性，武术的精神价值与修身意义得到强化，并与日常生活、文化象征产生更紧密的联系。“拳派化”的兴起更是集中体现并推动武术的结构性转变。
关 键 词：武术；游戏；士大夫；拳派化；晚明
中图分类号：G852 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116(2026)02-0024-08
Literati's martial ethos and the change with gamification of martial arts on the late Ming Dynasty
MA Lianzhen1，HUANG Yinwei2
(1.School of Physical Education，South China Normal University，Guangzhou 510006，China；
2.School of Physical Education，Jinan University，Guangzhou 510632，China)
Abstract: During the late Ming Dynasty, increasingly exhibiting multifaceted characteristics of game while retaining its practical combat functions meanwhile. Applying Johan Huizinga's theory of play, this paper examines the evolution logic of this transformation based on four dimensions of rules, space, time, and spirit. It can be concluded that the emerging features of game for martial arts on the late Ming Dynasty were not a denial of its practical functions, but rather an subjective adaptation and value reshaping under a specific sociocultural context. The literati class's pursuit of the "unity of literary and martial arts" ideal, the development of commodity economy, and the prevalence of ideological trends like the school of mind collectively prompted martial arts to transcend purely technical aspects and then integrate with richer cultural connotations. Specifically speaking, this manifested in increasingly refined with rules and rituals of marital arts, more diverse and demarcated practice spaces, an enhanced emphasis on spiritual value and self-cultivation significance, which would be more closely to daily life and cultural symbolism. And meanwhile, the rise of martial arts schools seems to be more particularly embodied and propelled its structural change.
Keywords: martial arts；games；literati；martial arts schools；late Ming Dynasty