| （华北理工大学 体育部，河北 唐山 063009） 摘 要：中国在夏季奥运会田径、竞技游泳、团体等具有较高竞争力项目上处于弱势地位，凭借“软金牌”项目的累积效应，位列奥运会“第一集团”的地位。中国在近8届奥运会跳水、体操、举重等优势项目上获得152枚金牌，占中国金牌总数75.6%。美国在近7届奥运会田径、游泳、团体项目上获得182枚金牌，占美国金牌总数67.4%。中国与美国奥运金牌的结构特征表现出巨大差异。中国奥运战略面临结构性的内在矛盾及转型压力，应尽快摆脱“软金牌”路径依赖，作为未来世界体育强国的自我定位与认同，中国奥运战略的结构性转型势在必行。 |
HUANG Lu
| （Department of Physical Education，North China University of Science and Technology，Tangshan 063009，China) Abstract: China is in an disadvantageous position on higher competitive power demanded Olympic events such as track and field, competitive swimming and team events, and in a position of being listed one of the Olympic coun-tries in “the first group” based on the accumulated effect of “soft gold medal” events. In recent 8 sessions of the Olympic Games, China won 152 gold medals on advantageous Olympic events such as diving, gymnastics and weightlifting, which is 75.6% of total gold medals won by China. In recent 7 sessions of the Olympic Games, the United States won 182 gold medals on Olympic events such as track and field, swimming and team events, which is 67.4% of total gold medals won by the United States. There are tremendous differences between the structural char-acteristics of Olympic gold medals won by China and the United States. China’s Olympic strategies are facing the pressure of structural intrinsic contradiction and transformation, and must break away from “soft gold medal” path dependence as soon as possible; for self orientation and identification as a sport powerful country in the world in the future, the structural transformation of China’s Olympic strategies is imperative. |
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