| （北京体育大学 研究生部，北京 100084） 摘要：在以往主场优势研究的基础上，对客场劣势的定义、评价、形成原因进行了分析。结果表明：以客主场失败率为基础指标，以总的失败率为参照，以客主场失败率差为直接评价指标，可对职业联赛中的客场劣势进行有效评价。从1994到1999年，我国足球联赛存在着明显的客场劣势。1999年足球联赛大部分参赛队存在客场劣势现象。客场劣势的主要原因是运动员对客场参赛环境不适应。造成客场劣势的主要因素有：旅途/时差、气候、赛场环境、赛场气氛、心理。建议针对客场参赛环境，要加强模拟训练，提高运动员对旅途、场地、等客场环境的适应能力，重视运动员的系统心理训练，降低其焦虑水平，减少客场参赛环境因素的消极影响。 关键词：客场劣势；评价指标；客场参赛环境 中图分类号：G80-05 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2001）04-0118-04 |
MA Hong-yu
| (Graduate Department, Beijing University of Physical Education, Beijing 100084,China) Abstract: away court disadvantage; evaluation index; away competition environment On the base of some research on home advantage, the definition, evaluation and cause of away court disadvantage are studied. The conclusions include: 1) the away court disadvantage can be effectively evaluated by the away/home losing percentage as base evaluation index, the average of losing percentage differential as direct evaluation index; there is away court disadvantage in the domestic football competition from 1994 to 1999;2) the causes of away court disadvantage are travel/jet lag, climate, competition arena environment and competition atmosphere; 3) to reinforce simulation training to enhance the adopt ion ability to away court competition such as travel, competition arena, and attach importance to system mental training to decrease anxiety level are suggested . Key words: away court disadvantage; evaluation index; away competition environment |
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