吕明明1，孙浩2，孟祥龙1
(1.西安工程大学 体育部，陕西 西安 710048；2.陕西师范大学 体育学院，陕西 西安 710062)
摘 要：挑选32名不同水平的定向运动员作为被试者，其中专家组和新手组分别为16人；运用功能性近红外光谱脑成像技术，监测不同运动强度下定向运动员在图景识别任务里大脑皮层血氧激活的变化情况，以揭示疲劳状态时定向运动员图景识别的认知加工特征。结果表明：在图景识别任务中，运动疲劳会对运动员的行为学绩效产生制约作用，不过专家组依旧有一定的认知优势，呈现出较高的正确率，左侧背外侧前额叶即L-DLPFC脑区的激活较为明显；处于疲劳状态时，运动员心脏自主调节能力降低，相关脑区的激活有所减弱，具体表现为大脑双侧眶额区OFC的血氧浓度出现明显下降。研究发现可为日后借助神经调控来提高定向运动员在疲劳状态下的识图绩效以及实现科学化训练提供参考。
关 键 词：定向运动；运动疲劳；图景识别；心率变异性；功能性近红外光谱成像技术
中图分类号：G826 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116(2026)05-0142-10
A study on the cognitive processing characteristics of scene recognition in orienteering athletes under the condition of exercise fatigue
LV Mingming1，SUN Hao2，MENG Xianglong1
(1.Department of Physical Education，Xi'an Polytechnic University，Xi'an 710048，China；2.School of Physical Education，Shaanxi Normal University，Xi'an 710062，China)
Abstract: A total of 32 orienteering athletes with different skill levels were selected as participants, including 16 experts and 16 novices among them. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to monitor changes in cerebral cortex blood oxygen activation during picture recognition tasks under varying exercise intensity, aiming to reveal the cognitive processing characteristics of orienteering athletes in picture recognition under fatigue conditions. The results suggest that in picture recognition tasks, exercise fatigue constrains behavioral performance in athletes, but experts still maintain a certain cognitive advantage, showing a higher accuracy and more pronounced activation in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC). And under fatigue conditions, athletes' cardiac autonomic regulation ability decreases and activation in related brain regions weakens, specifically manifesting a significant decline in blood oxygen concentration in the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). The findings from this study may provide references for future research on applying neuromodulation to improve orienteering athletes' picture recognition performance under fatigue and realize scientific training practice.
Keywords: orienteering；exercise fatigue；picture recognition；heart rate variability；fNIRS