尹龙1，阳彬1，李芳2，杨宗宇1，刘小明1
(1.湖南师范大学 体育学院，湖南 长沙 410012；2.湖南第一师范学院 体育学院，湖南 长沙 410205)
摘 要：比较“一对一”与“一对三”两种替代模式下幼儿24 h活动行为时间重新分配与体质健康的关联差异，并分析不同行为替代的潜在健康意义。选取337名4~6岁幼儿，使用ActiGraph wGT3X-BT加速度计测量低强度身体活动(LPA)、中高强度身体活动(MVPA)和久坐行为(SB)，睡眠时长(SP)由家长和幼儿园教师共同报告，体质健康评估依据《中国国民体质测定标准(幼儿部分)》进行。采用成分数据并结合“一对一”与“一对三”替代模式，分析24 h活动行为时间重新分配与体质健康之间的关系。结果显示：(1)MVPA时间占比与体质健康得分显著性正相关(βMVPA =3.63，P<0.05)，而SB时间占比与体质健康得分显著性负相关(βSB=-5.1，P<0.05)。(2)“一对一”替代模式中，15 min的MVPA替代SB、LPA或SP时体质健康分数分别增加1.0、0.97和0.82单位，MVPA表现出最强的替代效应；“一对三”替代模式中，减少SB并增加MVPA时体质健康得分改善最明显，每减少10%SB时间其得分增加0.71单位，提示两种模式在主要替代行为判断上存在差异。(3)剂量效应分析中，在“一对一”模式中活动行为要素的替代效应表现出不对称性，而在“一对三”模式中活动行为要素之间的替代效应更为对称。研究认为，两种替代模式对幼儿24 h活动行为时间重新分配与体质健康关系的判断并不完全一致，减少SB并增加MVPA可能更有利于幼儿体质健康，且“一对三”模式更能体现活动行为整体时间构成的特点。
关 键 词：幼儿体质健康；成分数据分析；等时替代；等比例替代；久坐行为；中高强度身体活动
中图分类号：G80-04 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116(2026)05-0132-10
Physical health and 24-hour movement behavior reallocation in preschool children：A comparison between "one-to-one" and "one-to-three" models
YIN Long1，YANG Bin1，LI Fang2，YANG Zongyu1，LIU Xiaoming1
(1.College of Physical Education，Hunan Normal University，Changsha 410012，China；2.School of Physical Education，Hunan First Normal University，Changsha 410205，China)
Abstract： To compare the differences in associations between 24h movement behavior time reallocation and physical health in preschool children under the “one-to-one” and “one-to-three” reallocation models, and to examine the potential health implications of different behavioral reallocation. A total of 337 preschool children aged 4-6 years were recruited, and light physical activity (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sedentary behavior (SB) were measured using the ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometer, while sleep duration (SP) was jointly reported by parents and kindergarten teachers. Physical health was assessed according to the National Physical Fitness Measurement Standards Manual of China (Preschool Children Version). Compositional data analysis, combined with the “one-to-one” and “one-to-three” reallocation models, were used to examine the associations between 24h movement behavior time reallocation and physical health. Results show that: (1) the proportion of time spent in MVPA was significantly positively associated with physical health scores (βMVPA =3.63, P<0.05)，whereas the proportion of time spent in SB was significantly negatively associated with physical health scores (βSB = -5.1, P<0.05). (2) Under the “one-to-one” reallocation model, reallocating 15 min from SB, LPA, or SP to MVPA increased physical health scores by 1.00, 0.97, and 0.82 units, respectively, indicating that MVPA showed the strongest reallocation effect. Under the “one-to-three” reallocation model, reducing SB while increasing MVPA was associated with the greatest improvement in physical health; for every 10% reduction in SB time, the score increased by 0.71 units, suggesting that the two models differed in their identification of the primary reallocation behaviors. (3) Dose-response analysis showed that the reallocation effects among movement behavior components were asymmetric under the “one-to-one” model, whereas they were more symmetric under the “one-to-three” model. The conclusion holds that the “one-to-one” and “one-to-three” reallocation models did not yield fully consistent interpretations of the associations between 24h movement behavior time reallocation and physical health in preschool children, and reducing SB while increasing MVPA may be more beneficial for improving physical fitness. Meanwhile, the “one-to-three” model better may capture the overall compositional characteristics of movement behaviors.
Keywords：preschool children’s physical health；compositional data analysis；isotemporal reallocation；isoproportional reallocation；sedentary behavior；moderate-to-vigorous physical activity