樊荣1，孙昌荣1，胡月2，薛文浩1
(1.中国地质大学(武汉) 体育学院，湖北 武汉 430070；2.天津体育学院 教育与心理学院，天津 300202)
摘 要：将体育内化为人民美好生活的一部分，是推进体育强国建设的内在要求，也是探讨城乡居民社会心态与体育参与行为关系的核心旨归。高层次的心态是否必然会带来更高水平的体育参与？基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)三期数据(N=26 338)，采用潜在剖面分析(LPA)识别城乡居民“民生三感”(获得感、幸福感、安全感)的潜在类型，并比较不同群体的体育参与行为差异。研究认为，城市三感分化差异大，乡村分化相对同质；均衡型三感群体中，中三感型体育参与最优，高三感型次之，中低三感型最低。但剔除非体育参与者后，市民的结果出现反转，高三感群体优势凸显，乡村则无变化；非均衡型三感群体中，幸福感突出型的体育参与水平最高，幸福感缺失型次之，低三感型最低，且剔除非参与者后结果依然稳健。启示：城乡体育政策应避免“一刀切”，需以社会心态为导向，因地、因群施策，推动个体现实生活机会与心理状态的有效衔接，培育更均衡的高层次社会心态。同时，破除高心态群体的参与障碍，引导其主动参与，以优化其体育参与行为。此外，优先改善非均衡心态群体的生活预期与现实匹配度，有助于提升其体育参与水平。最后，在中观心态框架下，将民生三感纳入体育分层研究所提供的经验证据，有利于促进国民体育参与水平，完善“以心态优化体育参与”的理论体系。
关 键 词：社会心态；潜在剖面分析；民生三感；体育参与行为
中图分类号：G80-05 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116(2026)05-0056-11
Differentiation of differences in three senses of urban-rural livelihood and sports participation behavior: An empirical analysis based on the “people-centered”
FAN Rong1，SUN Changrong1，HU Yue2，XUE Wenhao1
(1.School of Physical Education，China University of Geosciences (Wuhan)，Wuhan 430070，China；2.School of Education and Psychology，Tianjin University of Sport，Tianjin 300202，China)
Abstract: Integrating sports into a part of people’ promising life is an inherent requirement of promoting a leading sporting nation, and also a core purpose to discuss the relationship between social mentality and sports participation behaviors among urban and rural residents. Does a higher level of social mentality necessarily lead to greater sports participation? Using three waves of data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) (N = 26 338), this study employed the Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) to identify latent profiles of “three senses of people’s livelihood” (sense of gain, happiness, and security) among urban and rural residents, and also compared differences in sports participation across different groups. The results indicate that the differentiation of the three senses was more pronounced in urban, and rural residents exhibited relatively homogeneous patterns. Among the balanced-profile groups, the medium-level three sense group demonstrated the highest level of sports participation, followed by the high-level group, while the medium-low-level group showed the lowest level. But, after excluding non-participants, the pattern among urban residents was reversed, with the high-level group of three senses displaying a clear advantage, whereas the results for rural residents remained unchanged. Among the unbalanced-profile groups, the happiness-dominant group exhibited the highest level of sports participation, followed by the happiness-deficient group, while the low-level group ranked lowest, and these findings remained stable after non-participants were excluded. The findings suggest that sports policies of urban and rural should avoid a one-size-fits-all approach and instead adopt strategies tailored to the social mentality characteristics of different regions and population groups, and greater attention should be given to fostering a more balanced and higher level of “three senses of people’s livelihood” by strengthening the link between individuals’ life opportunity and psychological state. Meanwhile, reducing participation barriers among high-mentality groups and improving the alignment between life expectations and lived experiences among groups with unbalanced mentality profiles may further enhance sports participation. Within a medium-level social mentality framework, incorporating “three senses of people’s livelihood” into research on sports stratification provides new empirical evidence for understanding disparities in sports participation, and contributes to the development of a theoretical framework emphasizing the role of social mentality.
Keywords: social mentality；latent profile analysis；three senses of people’s livelihood；sports participation behavior