邢金明1，翟泳宾1，王文龙2，崔佳琦3
(1.深圳大学 体育学院，广东 深圳 518060；2.清华大学 体育部，北京 100084；3.东北师范大学 体育学院，吉林 长春 130024)
摘 要：在中国式现代化进程中，推动“三大球”职业联赛治理现代化既是全面实施体育强国战略和推进中华民族伟大复兴进程的必然要求，也是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化题中应有之义。“三大球”职业联赛治理现代化既是解决我国体育职业化发展中主要矛盾的重要路径，也是在“三大球”职业联赛场域中基于现代化理念所展开的治理实践。当前，“三大球”职业联赛治理面临行政主导与市场自治博弈失衡的治理体制结构矛盾，制度供给滞后与执行失范并存的治理规则法治化缺失，科技赋能不足与专业人才短缺的治理能力现代化滞后，利益分配失衡与价值目标偏离的治理效能可持续性危机等现实困境。据此提出以下推进路径：深化管办分离改革，构建多元协同治理体制；完善法治化规则体系，构建全链条制度供给与执行机制；强化科技赋能与人才支撑，构建智慧化“三大球”治理能力体系；重构价值目标体系，实现经济、竞技与社会协同共进。
关 键 词：三大球；职业联赛；治理现代化；治理能力；治理体系；体育强国
中图分类号：G808 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116(2026)04-0078-09
Realistic challenges and promotion paths on governance modernization in the professional leagues of the “three major balls”
XING Jinming1，ZHAI Yongbin1，WANG Wenlong2，CUI Jiaqi3
(1.School of Physical Education，Shenzhen University，Shenzhen 518060，China；2.Department of Physical Education，Tsinghua University，Beijing 100084，China；3.School of Physical Education，Northeast Normal University，Changchun 130024，China)
Abstract: In the process of Chinese-style modernization, advancing the governance modernization in professional leagues of the "three major balls" is not only an imperative requirement for comprehensively implementing the strategy of building a leading sporting nation and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, but also an inherent necessity for modernizing the national governance system and capability. The governance modernization in professional leagues of the "three major balls" is to resolve the main problem in the course of professional sports development in China, and also be viewed as the governance practice conducted in the area of professional leagues of the “three major balls” based on the modernization concept. Currently, the governance of professional leagues of the “three major balls” faces several realistic dilemmas such as an contradiction of imbalanced governance system structure between administrative dominance and market autonomy; a lack of legalization in governance rules due to lagging institutional supply and irregular implementation; insufficient technological empowerment and a shortage of professional talent leading to delayed modernization of governance capability; and a sustainability crisis in governance effectiveness caused by uneven interest distribution and deviation from value objectives. Given that, the promoting pathways have been proposed such as deepening the reform of separation between management and operation to establish a multi-stakeholder collaborative governance system; improving the rule-of-law-based framework to build a comprehensive institutional supply and execution mechanism; strengthening technological empowerment and talent support to construct an intelligent governance system for the "three major balls"; and reconstructing the value objective system to achieve coordinated progress in economy, sports and society.
Keywords: the three major balls；professional leagues；governance modernization；governance capability；governance system；a leading sporting nation