初晓帅1，李吉远2
(1．山东畜牧兽医职业学院 基础教学部，山东 潍坊 261000；2.杭州师范大学 体育学院，浙江 杭州 311121)
摘 要：晚清以降，伴随军事技术变革与武举制废除，传统武术逐渐与国家体制疏离，“义和团运动”更使武术发展由此步入低谷。而短短二十几年后“国术”却作为民族本位意识的新名词而取代“武术”，成为身体技艺的新标签。民族主义“向内”的文化拉力推动其成为民族精神载体与强国强种工具；科学主义“向外”的压力促使其经历知识体系的科学化转译与重构；国家权力“向下”的效力则将作为国民运动的武术，通过教育体系与行政网络纳入国家体制。这三重力量的交织与共振，不仅系统推动武术从乡土技艺向“国术”象征的根本转型，更完整展现了近代中国如何借助武术的政治化与制度化，将其深刻嵌入民族认同塑造与国家建设的宏大议程之中。
关 键 词：武术史；武术转型；民族主义；科学主义；国家权力
中图分类号：G852 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116(2026)04-0050-07
The national construction of modern Chinese Wushu
CHU Xiaoshuai1，LI Jiyuan2
(1.Department of Basic Teaching，Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College，Weifang 261000，China；2.School of Physical Education，Hangzhou Normal University，Hangzhou 311121，China)
Abstract: Since the late Qing Dynasty, along with the changes of military technology and the abolition of martial arts, traditional Wushu had been gradually marginalized within the national system, and even the Boxer Rebellion brought the Wushu’s development to a low point. Within just two decades, however, “national arts” replaced "Wushu"as a new term imbued with nativist consciousness, and also becomes its new label. The "inward" cultural pull of nationalism reconfigured it as a carrier of the national spirit and an instrument for strengthening the nation and its people, and the "outward" pressure of scientism compelled its scientific reinterpretation and systematic reconstruction, and the "downward" force of state power incorporated martial arts, as a national movement, into the state apparatus through the educational system and administrative networks.The interplay and resonance of these three forces not only drive the fundamental transformation of Wushu from a local skill to the symbol of "national arts", but also demonstrates that how modern China, through their politicization and institutionalization, deeply embedded them within the grand projects of shaping national identity and building the modern state.
Keywords: Wushu history；Wushu transformation；nationalism；scientism；state power