汪雪儿1，张芷欣2，黄东香3，唐宝杰1，高天意1，吴鑫源1，史一帆1，张一凡1，黄波1
(1.华南师范大学 体育科学学院，广东 广州 510006；2.佛山大学 体育教学部，广东 佛山 528000；3.韶关学院 体育学院，广东 韶关 512005)
摘 要：仰泳作为竞技游泳的重要项目，但关于高水平仰泳运动员个体化运动学特征的研究仍较为缺乏。通过使用Qualisys(Oqus700+)三维运动捕捉系统，对我国高水平仰泳运动员汪雪儿的途中游技术进行分析，旨在揭示其途中游技术运动学特征与动作优化方向。研究表明：汪雪儿的仰泳途中游运动学特征：(1)因臂部技术不稳定导致头部稳定性不足，肩、髋转动不对称，以及髋关节转动不稳定；(2)右利手，存在较强的右侧依赖性，左侧臂部动作存在肩转角度大、肘关节角度小、划水深度浅、划水宽度不稳定的问题；(3)臂腿节奏配合良好，打腿幅度稍大；(4)以划幅为主的划幅主导型选手。研究建议，从头部姿态控制、肩髋协同机制优化及两侧力量均衡训练等方面入手，进一步提升其专项竞技水平。
关 键 词：运动学特征；仰泳；途中游技术；三维运动捕捉；汪雪儿
中图分类号：G808 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116(2026)03-0131-08
Analysis of kinematic characteristics with the mid-swim technique during the backstroke of Wang Xueer
WANG Xueer1，ZHANG Zhixin2，HUANG Dongxiang3，TANG Baojie1，GAO Tianyi1，WU Xinyuan1，SHI Yifan1，ZHANG Yifan1，HUANG Bo1
(1.School of Physical Education，South China Normal University，Guangzhou 510006，China；2.Department of Physical Education，Foshan University，Foshan 528000，China；3.School of Physical Education，Shaoguan University，Shaoguan 512005，China)
Abstract: Backstroke, as a key event in competitive swimming, yet related studies focusing on the individualized kinematic characteristics of elite backstroke athletes remain limited. This study employs the Qualisys (Oqus700) 3D motion capture system to analyze the backstroke technique of elite Chinese swimmer Wang Xueer during the mid-swim phase, with the aim of revealing the kinematic characteristics of her technique during the mid-swim phase and providing directions for technique optimization. The results indicate that the kinematic characteristics of Wang Xueer's backstroke during the mid-swim: (1) insufficient head stability due to unstable arm technique, asymmetry in shoulder and hip rotation, and also instability rotation in hip joint; (2) being right-handed, exhibiting a strong reliance on the right side, while the left arm existing the following issues such as an excessive shoulder rotation angle, a reduced elbow joint angle, shallow pulling depth, and unstable pulling width; (3) showing a good coordination between arm and leg rhythms, with a slightly excessive kicking amplitude; (4) being a stroke-dominant swimming player. Based on these findings above, it is suggested that improvements would be made in head posture control, shoulder-hip coordination mechanism optimization, and the balance training of force between both sides to further enhance her competitive performance in swim.
Keywords: kinematic characteristics；backstroke；mid-swim technique；three-dimensional motion capture；Wang Xueer