陈小平1，尚磊2
(1.国家体育总局 体育科学研究所，北京 100061；2.清华大学 体育部，北京 100084)
摘 要：科学化是推动竞技体育发展的核心引擎，标准化是衔接科学理论与训练实践、弥合“二者隔阂”的实践延伸。针对当前竞技运动训练标准化缺位导致科技成果转化低效的痛点和难点，给出运动员长期发展、优秀运动员技术和比赛策略、训练负荷强度分布、急性-慢性负荷率和美国奥运选拔等模型标准体系，阐述和分析标准化对后备人才选育、竞技高水平运动员训练、运动负荷精准管理和奥运参赛选拔等竞技运动训练重要领域和环节的影响和作用。研究认为，标准化是数智时代破解训练过程“黑箱”，实现精准投入、过程控制和结果评估的重要路径，我国亟需把握数智化转型的窗口期，构建我国优势项目的冠军模型，实现国家队训练的标准化，以标准化引领竞技体育的高质量发展。
关 键 词：竞技体育；标准化训练；冠军模型；训练负荷管理
中图分类号：G812.5 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116(2026)02-0001-07
Research on the development of competitive sports training based on standardization
CHEN Xiaoping1，SHANG Lei2
(1.Institute of Sports Science, China Institute of Sports Science，Beijing 100061，China；
2.Division of Sports Science and Physical Education，Tsinghua University，Beijing 100084，China)
Abstract: While scientific approach serves as the primary engine for advancing competitive sports development, standardization acts as practicable extension connecting scientific theory with practical training, effectively spanning the gap between research and application. To address the critical inefficiencies in translating technological innovations caused by a lack of standardization, this study introduces models and standard systems including long-term athletic development, elite athletes’ technical and tactical metrics, training load intensity distribution, the acute and chronic workload ratio, and U.S. Olympic selection protocols, while interpreting and analyzing the pivotal role and effect of standardization in important areas and aspects in competitive sports and training such as reserve talent identification, elite performance conditioning, precise load management, and Olympic selection processes. The study holds that standardization offers a vital pathway for illuminating the "black box" of the training process in the era of digital intelligence, and enabling precise resource allocation, rigorous process control, and objective outcome evaluation. Consequently, it is imperative to leverage the current window of digital transformation to establish champion models for dominant disciplines and standardize national team protocols inChina, thereby driving the high-quality development of competitive sports by the standardization.
Keywords: competitive sports；standardization training；championship model；training load management