李祯1，2，周爱光1
(1.华南师范大学 体育科学学院，广东 广州 510006；2.广东体育职业技术学院，广东 广州 510663)
摘 要：在竞技体育全球化纵深发展进程中，精英运动员归化已成为各国突破本土竞技瓶颈、提升国际竞争力的重要策略。研究聚焦亚洲率先系统建构精英运动员归化制度并取得显著成效的日本，通过梳理其精英运动员归化发展萌芽期、探索期、快速发展期和成熟期4个阶段的演进脉络，阐释其实践历程与制度经验。研究认为，日本构建兼具法治弹性与文化韧性的制度框架，其精英运动员归化差异化准入机制、弹性公民身份政策及“血缘优先”策略等制度规定，有效平衡了竞技水平提升与民族情感认同的双重诉求，为我国运动员归化制度体系建设提供可资借鉴的实践经验。在当前体育强国建设的背景下，我国精英运动员归化制度设计应锚定“自主培养、精准归化”的战略定位，恪守程序合法性原则，深化血缘归化发展路径，强化归化运动员身份认同与社会融入，以实现归化成效多元化的目标，助推我国竞技体育的高质量发展。
关 键 词：竞技体育；精英运动员；归化制度；国籍
中图分类号：G808.18 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116(2025)06-0079-08
Research on the naturalization system of Japanese elite athletes
LI Zhen1, 2，ZHOU Aiguang1
(1.School of Physical Education，South China Normal University，Guangzhou 510006，China；
2.Guangdong Vocational Institute of Sport，Guangzhou 510663，China)
Abstract: In the process of in-depth development of competitive sports globalization, the naturalization of elite athletes has become an important strategy for every country to break through the bottleneck of local competition and enhance their international competitiveness. This study focuses onJapan, which is the first country in Asia to systematically construct the naturalization system of elite athletes and has achieved remarkable results. By combing the evolution of the four stages of the naturalization development of elite athletes, namely, the embryonic stage, the exploration stage, the rapid development stage, and the mature stage, this paper explains its practical process and institutional experience. The study finds that Japan has constructed an institutional framework that combines the flexibility of the rule of law and cultural resilience, and its elite athletes' naturalization differentiated access mechanism, flexible citizenship policy and “blood priority” strategy effectively balance the dual demands of competitive level improvement and national emotional identity, and also provide practical experience for the construction of athletes’ naturalization system in China. Under the background of the current construction of a leading sporting nation, the design of the naturalization system of elite athletes in China should anchor the strategic positioning of "independent training and precise naturalization", abiding by the principle of procedural legitimacy, deepening the development path of blood naturalization, and strengthening the identity and social integration of naturalized athletes, so as to achieve the goal of diversification of naturalization effects and promote the high-quality development of competitive sports in China.
Keywords: competitive sports；elite athletes；naturalization system；nationality