刘谢慈，骆诗婷
(湖南工业大学 法学院，湖南 株洲 412007)
摘 要：在数字经济与体育产业深度融合的背景下，体育赛事数据作为驱动体育新质生产力发展的核心要素，其价值实现程度直接取决于数据流通效率与权益配置的合理性。面对体育赛事数据商业化利用中频发的权益冲突，传统以《著作权法》《反不正当竞争法》为基础的法律规制体系暴露出制度供给不足，静态权属界定模式难以契合数据动态流通特性且无法兼容体育赛事数据的公共属性与商业价值等问题。故基于数据生命周期理论构建新型权利范式——“体育赛事数据持有者权”，在价值维度上确立事实控制、流通共享、公平效率等价值基础，重塑数据权益分配的伦理向度；在权利证成维度上，构建包含权利取得要件与内容要件的法律证成框架，明确数据控制能力的法律判断标准；在制度实现维度上，推进请求权基础层次化适用、产权登记备案、四要素合理使用判定与智能合约保障的立体化制度实现路径。从而突破传统权利模式的桎梏，实现数据控制与共享的动态平衡，为破解体育赛事数据确权难题提供兼具理论自洽性与实践可行性的制度方案。
关 键 词：体育法；体育赛事数据；数据持有者权；数据控制；数据流通；数据共享
中图分类号：G80-05 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116(2025)06-0029-11
From data control to data circulation: The dynamic construction of
the data holder rights of sports event
LIU Xieci，LUO Shiting
(School of Law，Hunan University of Technology，Zhuzhou 412007，China)
Abstract: Under the background of deep integration of digital economy and sports industry, sports event data, as the core element driving the development of new quality productivity for sports, its value realization degree directly depends on the efficiency of data circulation and the rationality of rights and interests allocation. Facing the frequent conflicts of rights and interests in the commercial utilization of sports event data, the traditional legal regulatory system supported by the Copyright Law and the Anti-Unfair Competition Law has exposed insufficient institutional supply. The static ownership definition model is difficult to fit the dynamic circulation characteristics of data, and the path of property rights protection cannot be compatible with the public attributes and commercial value of sports data. Given that, based on the theory of data life cycle to construct a new paradigm of rights and interests for "data holder rights of sports event". In the value dimension, establishing the value basis such as factual control, circulation and sharing, fairness and efficiency and reshaping the ethical dimension of data rights distribution; in the dimension of rights justification, a legal justification framework including the requirements for obtaining rights and the content requirements being constructed, and the legal judgment criteria for data control capabilities also being clarified; in terms of the dimension of institutional implementation, a three-dimensional institutional realization path being advanced, which includes the hierarchical application of the basis of claims, property rights registration and filing, the determination of the reasonable use of the four elements, and the guarantee of smart contracts. Thus, it can break through the shackles of the traditional rights model, achieve a dynamic balance between data control and sharing, and also provide a system scheme that is both theoretically consistent and practically feasible for resolving the problem of rights confirmation for sports event data in coming days.
Keywords: sports law；sports event data；data holder rights；data control；data circulation；data sharing