明代大枪武艺“二十四势”技法复原与解读

(华东师范大学 体育与健康学院，上海  200241)

摘      要：对历史遗留的珍贵武艺进行复原与解读是新时代赋予当代学者的研究重任，也是更好推动中华优秀传统文化创造性转化、创新性发展的内在要求。运用文献资料分析、实修体悟、逻辑推理等方法，在对中华武术“势”之观念进行体系化建构的前提下，展开对明代大枪武艺“二十四势”的复原与解读。研究认为：(1)学界对“势”这一观念的认知是不全面的。(2)基于对历史进程中“势”之议题的反思，将“势”之观念确立为“一体三层”的多维结构，“一体”即“势”之本体，“三层”即“立下即是”基础层、“用而后成”中间层以及“摆以诱人”外延层，三层次之势由内而外，层层推衍，共同构成势的完整结构。(3)围绕“一体三层”之势，可将明代大枪武艺“二十四势”划分为“立下即是”类枪势、“用而后成”类枪势、“摆以诱人”类枪势。“立下即是”类枪势分为备战持枪势和应战持枪势；“用而后成”类枪势分为“闪避+还扎”势与“革枪+还扎”势；“摆以诱人”类枪势分为佯攻之诱、诈败之诱、守弱之诱以及惊取之诱等势。

关  键  词：武术；大枪武艺；二十四势；技法复原；明代

中图分类号：G852    文献标志码：A    文章编号：1006-7116(2023)04-0033-10

(School of Physical Education and Health，East China Normal University，Shanghai 200241，China)

Abstract: The basic recovery and interpretation of the precious martial arts left by history is the research responsibility given to the contemporary scholars in the new era, and it is also the inherent requirement to better promote the creative transformation and innovative development of the excellent Chinese traditional culture. Using the methods of literature research, practical practice and understanding, comparative analysis and logical reasoning, the research mainly develops the restoration and interpretation of the "twenty-four shi" of the Daqiang martial arts of the Ming dynasty on the premise of making a breakthrough and establishing the concept of "shi" of Chinese martial arts. The study concludes that: (1) the academic community's perception on the concept of "potential" is partial and incomplete. (2) based on the reflection of the issue of "potential" in the historical process, the concept of "potential" is based on the reflection on the issue of "potential" in the historical process, the concept of "potential" is established as a multidimensional structure of "one body and three layers", where "one body" is the essence of "potential" and "three layers" are the "one" is the essence of "potential", and the "three layers" are the foundation layer of "the lower is", the middle layer of "use and then become", and the extension layer of "pose to entice". (3) Around the momentum of "one body and three layers", the "twenty-four shi" of the Ming dynasty martial arts are divided into the "stand down that is "class of Daqiang momentum". Among them, the "standing down is" class of Daqiang shi is mainly divided into the shi of holding the Daqiang in preparation for battle and the posture of holding the Daqiang in response to battle; the "using and then becoming" class of Daqiang posture is divided into the "using and then becoming" class of Daqiang shi and the "using and then becoming" class of Daqiang shi", and type of Da qiang shi is divided into "dodge + return" shi and "leather Daqiang + return" posture; "set to lure" type of Daqiang shi is divided into the lure of feigning attack, the lure of fraudulent defeat. The "pose to lure" type of Daqiang shi is divided into the lure of feigning attack, the lure of fraudulent defeat, the lure of defending weakness and the lure of frightening.

Keywords: martial arts；Daqiang martial arts；twenty-four shi；technique recovery；the Ming dynasty