摘 要：基于社会认同理论，从身体视角聚焦重竞技女运动员群体，通过质性研究方法了解其身体实践与主体经历，进而具象呈现其社会认同的构建过程。研究发现重竞技作为具有鲜明男性气质特征的女子竞技项目，女运动员的社会认同分为竞技态身体的认同与社会性别态身体的认同两种形式。在赛场内，女运动员通过身体能量的释放实现自我赋权，包括身体解放感带来的身体赋权、积极身体认知构建的自我效能感，以及性别平等观念与自我意识的增强，从而确立竞技态身体的认同；而在竞技场外，在构建社会性别态身体的认同时，她们经受着由于肌肉健壮而引发的社会性体格焦虑和情景化焦虑。为有效缓解及避免身体焦虑的产生，她们采取流动性认同和最优特质认同选择两种策略。重竞技女运动员的社会认同过程体现女运动员在“主体构建”与客体定位之间的权力纷争与积极自我赋权。
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YANG Xue1，FAN Lian-xiang2，3
（1.Department of Physical Education，Jinan University ZhuHai Campus，Zhuhai 519000，China； Abstract: From the body perspective, based on the social recognition theory, the authors focused on the group of female athletes in heavy athletics, gained an insight into their body practice and subject experience by means of qualitative inter-view, and then presented the process of construction of their social recognition. The authors found that the social recogni-tion of female athletes in heavy athletics as a kind of female competitive events with distinctive masculine characteristics is divided into such two forms as body recognition in a competitive state and body recognition in a social gender state. Inside the competition field, female athletes realize self-empowerment through the release of body energy, including body em-powerment brought by the sense of body liberation, the sense of self-efficacy built by positive body cognition, as well as the enhancement of the view of gender equality and self-consciousness, thus establishing body recognition in a competitive state; while outside the competition field, they suffer social physique anxiety and scenario anxiety triggered by muscle strongness, while building social gender recognition. In order to effectively relieve and avoid the occurrence of body anxi-ety, they adopt such two recognition strategies as liquid recognition and optimal trait recognition. The process of social recognition of female athletes in heavy athletics embodies of female athletics’ power conflict between “subject construc-tion” and “object orientation” and their positive self-empowerment.
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