(中国社会科学院 研究生院近代史系,北京 102488) 摘 要:为探究近代学校和学科体制对传统武术的影响,思考中国传统体育在西方近代体育学主导下的传承之道,考察和分析民国时期的专业学校武术。阅读和分析档案、报纸、教育统计等各类史料可知,“西方近代体育化”和“民族化”两种追求,让武术在学校体育中赢得重要地位,这是民国时期专业学校武术得以兴盛的动力。前者推动专业学校武术在教学主体、教学内容等方面改造传统武术,从而融入西方近代体育学;后者推动专业学校武术构建理论体系,从而发展相对独立的“中国式体育学”。民国时期,专业学校武术在学术层面丰富了武术的内涵,培养大量武术人才,促进武术的普及,但也损害了传统武术的完整性,且整体水平不高。当今,为解决学校武术存在的问题,既要继续在体育专业教育体制中深化武术学科建设,也要尊重和支持传统体育固有的民间传承方式。 |
LI Zhao-xu
(Department of Modern Chinese History,Graduate School,Chinese Academy of Social Science,Beijing 102488,China) Abstract: In order to probed into the influence of modern school and discipline systems on traditional Wushu, and to contemplate a way of inheritance of traditional Chinese sports under the dominance of modern western sports, the au-thor examined and analyzed professional school Wushu in the Republic of China period. By reading and analyzing all sorts of historical data such as archives, newspapers and education statistics, the author concluded that such two pur-suits as “modern western sports popularization” and “nationalization” let Wushu gain an important status in school physical education, which was the driving force for professional school Wushu to boom in the Republic of China pe-riod. The former boosted professional school Wushu to remodel traditional Wushu in terms of teaching subject and teaching content etc, thus to blend into Modern Western Sports Science; the latter boosted professional school Wushu to build theoretical systems, thus to development into relatively independent “Chinese Sports Science”. In the Republic of China period, professional school Wushu, in terms of academic level, enriched Wushu contents, cultivated a lot of Wushu talents, promoted Wushu popularization, however, it also damage the integrity of traditional Wushu, and its overall performance still needed to be improved. Today, in order to solve problems existing in school Wushu, we should not only continue to deepen Wushu discipline construction in the education system of the physical education major, but also respect and support the intrinsic way of folk inheritance of traditional sports. |
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