摘 要：为了判断女子跳马技术发展趋势，提高我国女子跳马水平，运用文献资料、专家访谈等方法对第47、48和49届体操世锦赛女子跳马动作选用进行统计分析。研究认为：跳马从过度聚焦于第4组动作逐步转向第2、第5组动作；前手类使用率高，踺子180°类分值高，踺子类失败率相对较高，冢原类逐届减少，前手和踺子180°类成为跳马主流；我国跳马长期选用的冢原后直630°和前手前直540°，与世界冠军选用的踺子小翻直900°和程菲跳有较大差距。未来跳马发展趋势：踺子类数量不会骤减，前手和踺子180°类在增多前提下有创新发展，各国将在规则新增的踺子360°动作上有所突破；我国应向跳马短板聚焦，恢复并传承我国首创动作，提升难度，加强体能训练和动作技术特点分析，选择动作类型尽可能多样化，以实现中国女子跳马水平的突破。
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ZHAO Chan，ZHAO Lu-nan
（School of Physical Education，Qufu Normal University，Qufu 271365，China) Abstract: In order to judge the trend of development of women’s horse vault technology, and to improvement Chi-nese women’s horse vault performance, the authors carried out a statistical analysis on the selection of women’s horse vault movements in the 47th, 48th and 49th World Gymnastics Championships by using methods such as litera-ture study and expert interview etc, and concluded the followings: for horse vault, the overly focusing on the movements in group 4 was gradually shifted to the movements in groups 2 and 5; the “Handspring fwd” category had a high usage rate, the “Round-off, flic-flac with turn 180°” category had a high score value, the “Round-off, flic-flac” category had a high failure rate, and the “Tsukahara” category had been reduced cycle by cycle, the “Handspring fwd” and “Round-off, flic-flac with turn 180°” categories had become the mainstream of horse vault; the “Tsukahara stretched with turn 630°” and “Handspring fwd on-stretched salto fwd with turn 540°” selected by team China for house vault over a long period of time were significant inferior than the “Round-off, flic-flac on-stretched salto bwd with turn 900°” and “CHENG Fei Jump” used by the former champions. The trends of horse vault development in the future are as follows: the number of the “Round-off, flic-flac” category will not decrease sharply, the “Handspring fwd” and “Round-off, flic-flac with turn 180°” categories will have innovative develop-ment under the precondition of number increase, various countries will have some breakthroughs on the “Round-off, flic-flac with turn 360°” movement newly added in the rules; China should focus on horse vault weakness, recover and carry forward Chinese pioneering movements, increase the difficulty, strengthen stamina training and movement technical characteristic analysis, make selected movement types as diversified as possible, so as to realize break-throughs on Chinese women’s horse vault performance.
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