| （南开大学 历史学院，天津 300350） 摘 要：分析巴西足球业余时期、职业化初期以及职业化时代3个发展阶段的种族困境与自愈，解读足球在巴西社会已不单单是一项体育运动，而是巴西社会的一个缩影和巴西文化的一种代表。研究认为：在业余足球时期，巴西社会原有的种族困境在足球世界中获得一次自愈的机会，巴西足球也因此进入发展期，足球更加大众化并开始国际化。然而种族困境并没有因此而消失，而是再次出现在足球世界中，但在客观上推动了巴西足球的职业化。在职业化初期，具有巴西特色的桑巴足球与足球文化日渐成熟，足球的发展与社会的变迁更加交融，足球文化成为巴西社会文化的一种代表。在职业化时代，巴西足球的种族困境再次显露，而种族困境如何在职业化时代获得自愈甚至实现跨越，将是巴西足球发展的关键。只有突破这一瓶颈，巴西才能真正成为足球王国。 |
PAN Fang
| （Faculty of History，NanKai University，Tianjin 300350，China) Abstract: The author analyzed race predicament and self healing in Brazilian football at such 3 development stages as amateur period, professionalization initial period and professionalization age, and interpreted that football in Bra-zilian society is no longer just a sport, but a miniature of Brazilian society and a representative of Brazilian culture. The author put forward the following opinions: in the amateur football period, the original race predicament in Bra-zilian society got a chance for self healing for the first time in the football world, Brazilian football entered into the development period hence, Brazilian football was more popular and started internationalization; however, race pre-dicament did not disappear hence, but reappeared in the football world, yet boosted Brazilian football professionali-zation objectively; in the professionalization initial period, Samba football and football culture with Brazilian fea-tures matured gradually, football development fused more with social changes, football culture became a representa-tive of Brazilian culture; in the professionalization age, the race predicament of Brazilian football appeared again; and that how race predicament gets self healing or even realizes a crossing leap, will be a key point of Brazilian football development; only by breaking through such a bottleneck can Brazil truly become the kingdom of football. |
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