| （1.湖南师范大学 体育学院，湖南 长沙 410006；2.湖南工业大学 体育学院，湖南 株洲 412007） 摘 要：我国目前大型体育赛事公共安全应急(以下简称应急)管理体系是政府主导的多元应急社会参与体系，其中社会力量主要包括青年志愿者、保安公司保安队伍、企事业单位的安全应急力量以及群众团体、民间组织、基层自治组织。这一机制存在主要问题：应急管理体系的不完善；应急专业志愿者不足，志愿者二次使用率不高；社会保安力量薄弱、素质不高、专业化水平低；应急社会组织官方色彩浓厚，民间组织发挥作用的空间有限；体育赛事应急宣传的不足，公众应急意识与应对技能的缺乏；突发事件应急减缓意识不强，降低人身与财产风险的社会专业力量参与不够。完善我国大型体育赛事公共安全应急社会动员机制的途径包括：转变观念，完善大型体育赛事应急管理的顶层体系与制度设计；大力扶持和培育应急社会组织，提升其公信力与影响力；设置专门应急宣传教育与培训部门，增强社会公众危机应对意识，掌握危机应对技能；建设适应大型活动专业化的安保队伍，使其成为大型体育赛事应急管理的主力军；完善志愿者的管理机制，鼓励志愿者投身大型体育赛事应急管理；鼓励保险企业参与大型体育赛事的应急管理，提升安全级别，降低风险。 |
ZHONG Li-ping1，2，FAN Cheng-wen2，LIU Ya-yun2
| （1.School of Physical Education，Hunan Normal University，Changsha 410006，China；2.School of Physical Education，Hunan University of Technology，Zhuzhou 412007，China) Abstract: Currently Chinese major sports game public safety emergency (hereinafter referred to as emergency) management system is a multiparty emergency social participation system lead by the government, wherein social forces mainly include young volunteers, security companies’ security teams, enterprises’ and institutions’ safety emergency forces, mass groups, civil organizations, and grassroots self-governing organizations. This mechanism has the following main problems: imperfect emergency management system; insufficient emergency professional volunteers, not high volunteer secondary usage rate; weak strength, not high quality and low professional perform-ance of social security; too rich official sense of emergency social organizations, limited spaces for civil organiza-tions to exert their functions; insufficient sports game emergency promotion, the public’s lack of emergency aware-ness and response skills; not strong emergency alleviation awareness, insufficient social professional force partici-pation in lowering personal and property risks. The ways to perfect the Chinese major sports game public safety emergency social mobilization mechanism include the followings: change the conception, perfect the top level sys-tem and system design of major sports game emergency management; vigorously support and cultivate emergency social organizations, promote their credibility and influence; set up specialized emergency promotion education and training departments, enhance social public’s emergency response awareness, master emergency response skills; construct professional security teams suitable for major activities; encourage insurance companies to participate in major sports game emergency management, raise the security level, lower risks. |
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