| （1.首都师范大学 心理学院，北京 100048；2.北京体育大学 竞技体育学院，北京 100084；3.北京体育大学 教育学院，北京 100084；4.安徽师范大学 体育学院，安徽 芜湖 241000） 摘 要：为考察跆拳道训练对学龄前儿童执行功能发展的影响，选取北京市某学前4个班63名5~6岁儿童作为实验对象；随机选取2个班为跆拳道训练组，共32人，另外2个班为常规体育课组，共31人。对跆拳道训练组儿童进行16周跆拳道训练干预，2次/周；常规体育课组儿童进行常规体育课程。在干预前后使用NIH Toolbox工具中Flanker抑制控制与注意测试任务、标准卡片分类任务和工作记忆排列测试任务，分别测查实验对象执行功能的3个子成分。结果：跆拳道训练组与常规体育课组儿童在侧抑制控制和注意任务(P<0.01)、标准卡片分类任务(P<0.05)上的差异具有统计学意义，跆拳道训练组高于常规体育课组；前测侧抑制控制和注意任务得分处于后27%的跆拳道训练组儿童经过跆拳道训练干预，相较于该任务前测得分处于前27%的儿童提升分数差异具有统计学显著性意义(P<0.05)，后27%的被试者提升程度大于前27%的被试者，而常规体育课组没有显示出这种差异。结果说明，16周跆拳道训练对5~6岁儿童抑制控制及认知灵活性的提高作用达到统计学意义上的显著水平；其中，相对于抑制控制基线水平较高的儿童，抑制控制基线水平较低的儿童获益更大。 |
WANG Rui-meng1，PANG Xin2，LI Wei-ming3，XING hong-bin4，XING Shu-fen1
| （1.College of Psychology，Capital Normal University，Beijing 100048，China；2.Sport Coaching College，Beijing Sport University，Beijing 100084，China；3.College of Education，Beijing Sport University，Beijing 100084，China；4.School of Sports Science and Physical Education，Anhui Normal University，Wuhu 241000，China) Abstract: In order to examine the effects of taekwondo training on preschool children’s execution function develop-ment, the authors selected 63 children aged 5-6 in 4 preschool classes in Beijing as the experiment objects, randomly selected 2 classes as the taekwondo training group, which includes totally 32 children, and the other 2 classes as the regular physical education class group, which includes total 31 children. The authors carried out 16-week taekwondo training intervention on the children in the taekwondo training group twice a week, and regular physical education courses on the children in the regular physical education class group. Before and after the intervention, the authors re-spectively measured the 3 subcomponents of the experiment objects’ execution function by using the Flanker inhibition control and attention test task, standard card classification task and working memory arrangement test in the NIH Toolbox, and revealed the following findings: the differences between the children in the taekwondo training group and the children in the regular physical education class group in measuring inhibition control and attention task (P<0.01), standard card classification task (P<0.05) were statistically significant, the taekwondo training group’s score was higher than the regular physical education class group’s score; after taekwondo training intervention, the children in the taek-wondo training group, whose scores measured before the task for inhibition control and attention task were at bottom 27%, had improved score differences that were statistically significant (P<0.05) as compared with those of the children whose scores measured before the task were at top 27%, the degree of improvement of the bottom 27% testees was greater than that of the top 27 testees, while the regular physical education class group did show such differences. The said findings indicated the followings: 16-week taekwondo training’s function in improving the inhibition control and perception flexibility of children aged 5-6 reached a statistically significant level; therein, the children with a lower in-hibition control baseline level benefited more than the children with a higher inhibition control baseline level. |
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