| （南京师范大学 体育科学学院，江苏 南京 210046） 摘 要：运用结构存在论对“超量恢复”学说进行新的认识与定位。一个整体是由“功能性存在”和“实体性存在”共同构成的。生物学学者质疑的焦点反映在超量恢复的实体性存在方面；运动训练学专家实践质疑的焦点则反映在超量恢复的功能性存在方面。作为整体的训练结构，运动训练实体性存在是位于“自身”之中，而功能性存在则是位于“他者”之中。实体性存在视角研究，超量恢复是身体在运动负荷状态下的能量代谢特征，而不是影响训练的内容。功能性存在中的“功能”，就是训练学意义上的训练方法与手段。哲学研究意义的“功能”是一种行为模式，通过此行为某物实现了它的目的，也就是功能性存在的“效果”，而此“效果”就是超量恢复学说的“特征”。“适应性造就复杂性”成就了竞技体育快速发展；“复杂性造就简单性”推动了竞技体育基础发展科学化，开启了大众体育的科学进程。 |
TAO Yu
| （School of Physical Education，Nanjing Normal University，Nanjing 210046，China) Abstract: By applying structural ontology, the author put forward a new understanding and orientation of the “over-recovery” theory. A whole is composed by “functional existence” and “substantive existence” jointly. Biologists’ questioning focus is reflected on the substantive existence of “over-recovery”, while sports training experts’ practical questioning focus is reflected on the functional existence of “over-recovery”. As a training structure as a whole, sports training’s substantive existence is located in “itself”, while its functional existence is located in “others”. In the study from the perspective of substantive existence, “over-recovery” is the energy metabolism characteristic of the body un-der an exercise load condition, but not the training affecting content. The “functions” in functional existence are train-ing methods and means in terms of training significance. The “function” in terms of philosophical study significance is a behavior mode; something realizes its goals via such a behavior, i.e. the “effect” of functional existence, while such an “effect” is the “characteristic” of the over-recovery theory. “Adaptability makes complexity” has resulted in the rapid development of competitive sports; “complexity makes simplicity” has boosted the scientification of fundamental de-velopment of competitive sports, and initiated the scientific progress of mass sports. |
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