| （南京航空航天大学 体育部，江苏 南京 210016） 摘 要：通过对国内外特殊体育相关资料的梳理和比较分析，对特殊体育的名称、含义、教育对象以及本质特点进行辨析。研究认为：1)将欧美国家“Adapted Physical Activity”或“Adapted Physical Education”理解成“适应(性)体育”是不准确的，而“特殊体育”名称符合我国的实际和语言习惯；2)特殊体育的教育对象由“残疾人”走向“特殊需要群体”，界定可参照“体质弱势群体”的分类标准，还应包含体育运动技能发展迟缓且运动能力显著低下的人群；3)特殊体育是一门为有特殊需要的个人发展而精心设计的体育教育课程，基于对个人综合状况的评估，为他们提供必要的技能来丰富其休闲、娱乐生活和运动经历，以提高他们的体能、健康和生活质量；4)特殊体育的本质在于教育对象存在着不确定和动态性特征，必须以特别的教育设计满足特殊需要群体的个性化需要。 |
CHEN Hua-wei
| （Department of Physical Education，Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics，Nanjing 210016，China) Abstract: By collating, comparing and analyzing adapted physical education related information at home and abroad, the author dissected the designation, meaning, education object and essential characteristics of adapted physical education, and put forward the following opinions: 1) it is inaccurate to interpret “Adapted Physical Activ-ity” or “Adapted Physical Education” used in European and American countries as “适应(性)体育”, while “特殊体育” conforms to Chinese reality and language habit; 2) the education object of adapted physical education is changing from “people with disabilities” to “people with special needs”, for whose definitions the classification standard of “fitness disadvantageous people” can be referred to, such people should also include people whose sports skill development is retarded and whose sports abilities are significantly interior; 3) adapted physical educa-tion is a discipline having a physical education guidance curriculum carefully designed for the development of indi-viduals with special needs, and based on the evaluation of individual comprehensive conditions, provides them with necessary skills to enrich their leisure and entertainment life and sports experience, so as to enhance their physical stamina, health and life quality; 4) the essence of adapted physical education is that the education object has uncer-tain and dynamic characteristics, dedicated special education design must be adopted to meet the individualized needs of people with special needs. |
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