| （1.武汉体育学院 体育科技学院，湖北 武汉 430205；2.武汉体育学院 体育教育学院，湖北 武汉 430079） 摘 要：对国内外运动竞赛中裁判判罚决策研究进行回顾与分析。综合文献的观点，依据项目特征与任务要求，裁判可分为互动型、监控型与反应型3种类型；影响裁判判罚的因素包括主体因素(裁判员)、客体因素(运动员)与竞赛环境；主体因素包括裁判员体能、裁判经验、运动经历与情绪状态，客体因素包括运动员性别、民族、身高、队服颜色与球员(队)声望，比赛环境包括事前决策、参赛顺序以及赛场噪音。关于裁判员判罚决策的研究主要集中于集体同场对抗类项目，即对互动型裁判判罚决策研究居多，而对监控型裁判判罚决策研究偏少。今后研究应拓展至更多的项目。裁判员判罚决策研究仍停留于行为学研究层面，未来应加强裁判员的认知干预训练研究。 |
DONG Qu-sheng1，KE Yong2
| （1.School of Sports Science and Technology，Wuhan Sports University，Wuhan 430205，China；2.School of Physical Education，Wuhan Sports University，Wuhan 430079，China) Abstract: The authors reviewed and analyzed referee decision making in sports competitions at home and abroad. Based on literature views, and according to event characteristics and task requirements, referees can be divided into such 3 types as interaction type, monitoring type and reaction type; factors that affect referee decision making in-clude subject factors (referees), object factors (athletes) and competition environments; subject factors include refe-ree stamina, refereeing experience, sports experience and emotion condition, object factors include athlete gender, nationality, height, team uniform color and player (team) reputation, competition environments include pregame de-cision making, competition participation order and field noise. Researches on referee decision making mainly fo-cused on collective court competition type events, i.e. mostly on interaction type referee decision making, while re-searches on monitoring type referee decision making were relatively few. Researches henceforward should be ex-panded to more events. Researches on referee decision making still stayed at the behavior study level, in the future researches on referee cognition intervention training should be intensified. |
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