| （清华大学 体育部，北京 100084） 摘 要：通过对激活后增强效应相关文献的梳理，对激活后增强效应的生理机制、影响因素和应用策略等问题进行了述评，得出如下结论：肌肉激活后的增强作用源于肌球蛋白调节轻链的磷酸化、高阶运动单位募集能力的增加和肌肉收缩时羽状角的改变。个体因素(肌纤维类型和比例、训练经历、年龄、性别、最大力量、爆发力-力量比)和训练因素(激活方式、激活强度、激活量、恢复时间)都会对肌肉激活后的增强幅度和持续时间产生影响。通过选择与运动专项生物力学特征相似的激活方式、施加与运动员个人特点相匹配的激活负荷、掌握好增强作用与疲劳效应之间的平衡、避免静力性拉伸对激活后增强效应的负面影响，可以实现激活后增强效应的最优化。 |
JIANG Zi-li，LI Qing
| （Department of Physical Education，Tsinghua University，Beijing 100084，China) Abstract: By collating postactivation potentiation related literature, the authors reviewed issues such as the physio-logical mechanism, affecting factors and application strategies of postactivation potentiation, and drew the following conclusions: the postactivation potentiation of muscles originates from the phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chains, the increase of higher order motor unit recruitment ability, and the change of pennation angle when muscles contract; individual factors (muscle fiber types and percentages, training experience, age, gender, maximum strength, explosive power / strength ratio) and training factors (activation manner, activation intensity, activation volume, recovery time) will affect the magnitude and duration of postactivation potentiation of muscles; the optimi-zation of postactivation potentiation can be realized by selecting an activation manner similar to sports event spe-cific biomechanical characteristics, adding an activation load that matches the athlete’s individual characteristics, properly controlling the balance between potentiation and fatigue effect, and avoiding the negative effects of static stretching on postactivation potentiation. |
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