| （东北师范大学 体育学院，吉林 长春 130024） 摘 要：对比不同等级排球运动员对发球运动信息模式结构识别的差异，探讨运动员在判断发球落点时的视觉搜索模式，为高水平排球运动员认知加工优势特征提供行为和生理证据。以41名不同运动等级排球运动员为研究对象，采用混合设计实验，让被试者观看运动员发球动作的视频，分别记录在观看正常发球动作结构、改变动作时间结构和改变动作空间结构条件下的行为指标和眼动数据。结果发现：运动员判断发球落点时，随着运动等级的提高，运动员更偏向于采用速度行为策略；运动员对发球运动信息进行视觉搜索是基于对运动信息模式结构特征识别的过程。在改变发球运动信息模式结构的时间特征条件下，运动员采用注视次数少，注视时间短，眼跳距离小，注视轨迹简单、规律并呈“线”状的视觉搜索模式；在改变发球运动信息模式结构的空间特征条件下，运动员采用注视次数多，注视时间长，眼跳距离大，注视轨迹复杂、规律并呈“环”状的视觉搜索模式。结果表明：3种不同运动信息模式结构特征加工方式下的视觉搜索模式存在差异。 |
ZHANG Tie-ming
| （School of Physical Education，Northeast Normal University，Changchun 130012，China) Abstract: By comparing differences in volleyball players of different sports ratings identifying served ball movement in-formation pattern structures, the author probed into served ball landing point visual search patterns adopted by players, so as to provide behavioral and physiological evidence for high performance volleyball players to recognize and process ad-vantageous characteristics. Basing the research objects on 41 volleyball players of different sports ratings, the author used a mixed design experiment, let the testees watch players serving movement videos, and respectively recorded the testees’ behavior index and eye movement data under the conditions of watching normal serving movement structure, changing movement time structure and changing movement space structure. Results: When the players estimated served ball landing points, with the increase of sports rating, the players tended to adopt a speed strategy; a visual search conducted by the players on served ball movement information was a process based on identifying movement information pattern structure characteristics, under the condition of changing the time characteristics of served ball movement information pattern struc-ture, the players adopted a visual search pattern with fewer fixation counts, a shorter fixation time, a smaller saccade am-plitude, and a simple, regular and line-like fixation track; under the condition of changing the space characteristics of served ball movement information pattern structure, the players adopted a visual search pattern with more fixation counts, a longer fixation time, a bigger saccade amplitude, and a complicated, regular and ring-like fixation track. The results indi-cated that there were differences between visual search patterns adopted in the 3 different ways of processing movement information pattern structure characteristics. |
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