| （郑州航空工业管理学院 体育教学部，河南 郑州 450015） 摘 要：观察12周特定时间(清晨和傍晚)力量训练和停训(4周和6周)对青年男子篮球运动员运动能力的影响，探索运动能力日节律变化规律，为科学安排训练计划提供理论依据。将36名青年男子篮球运动员随机分为清晨训练组(MT组，训练时间为清晨07:00~08:00)、傍晚训练组(ET组，训练时间为傍晚17:00~18:00)和对照组(C组)。MT组和ET组进行12周力量训练，C组保持日常生活习惯不变但不进行训练。分别于训练前、训练后、停训4周、停训6周清晨(07:00)和傍晚(17:00)测定体温、肌肉最大力量和Wingate实验。结果发现：各组各测试点体温在17:00均高于07:00(P<0.05)。ET组和C组各测试点股四头肌最大随意收缩力(MVC)、最高功率(PP)和平均功率(MP)在17:00均高于07:00(P<0.05)，MT组训练前、停训4周和停训6周MVC、PP和MP在17:00均高于07:00(P<0.05)。ET和MT组各运动能力参数在训练后显著升高，停训4周仍高于训练前水平，停训6周则恢复。结果表明：特定时间力量训练对体温并无显著影响；清晨力量训练可消除无氧运动能力的日节律变异；力量训练后获得的运动能力可保持至停训4周后，停训6周后则逐渐消退。 |
WANG Chen-yu
| （Department of Physical Education，Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics，Zhengzhou 450015，China) Abstract: The author observed the effects of 12-week time-specific (early morning and early evening) strength training and detraining (for 4 weeks and 6 weeks) on the sports abilities of young male basketball players, and probed into the pat-tern of daily rhythmically changing of sports abilities, so as to provide a theoretical basis for making training plans scien-tifically. The author divided 36 young male basketball players randomly into an early morning training group (MT, training time: 07:00~08:00 in the early morning), an early evening training group (ET, training time: 17:00-18:00 in the early eve-ning), and a control group (C), let the players in groups MT and ET undergo 12-week strength training, let the players in group C maintain daily living habits unchanged and undergo no training, and measured their body temperature and maxi-mum muscle strength and did the Wingate experiment in the early morning (at 07:00) and in the early evening (at 17:00) before training, after training, 4 weeks after detraining and 6 weeks after detraining respectively. Results: the temperature of all the testees in various groups measured at 17:00 was higher than that measured at 07:00 (P<0.01); the maximum vol-untary contraction (MVC), peak power (PP) and mean power (MP) of quadriceps femoris of the testees in groups ET and C measured at 17:00 were higher than those measured at 07:00 (P<0.01); various sports ability parameters of the testees in groups ET and MT increased significantly after training, were still higher than those measured before training when meas-ured after detraining for 4 weeks, but returned to their normal values after detraining for 6 weeks. The results indicate the followings: time-specific strength training has no significant effect on body temperature; strength training in the early morning can eliminate the daily rhythmic changing of anaerobic sports abilities; the sports abilities acquired after strength training can maintain up to 4 weeks, but gradually fade away after detraining for 6 weeks. |
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