| （圣保罗男女中学 康乐协会，中国 香港） 摘 要：对王皓式台内拧拉技术难点“握拍压得较前倾，手腕沿逆时针方向弯曲大及肘关节向外抬高到极限的拧拉技法”进行了分析。结果表明：对半路出家运动员而言，学习新技术成功与否关键是要过技能负迁移关。在教学训练中设计了心理与技术相结合的动作程序，利用“第二信号系统”(语言)来集中内在注意力的训练方法。在拧拉前默念此程序(“手腕沿逆时针方向弯曲至极限，肘关节向外抬高至极限”，才能发力拧。)来提高内在注意力，不断减轻、克服甚至消除技能负迁移的影响，最终才能掌握新技术。然而对已经熟练掌握王皓式台内拧拉技术的高水平运动员而言则无需内在注意力，否则就会破坏无意识能力，使技能自动化的执行受阻，对技能的发挥不但没有帮助反而是有害的，对此应引起广大教练员和运动员的足够重视。 |
XIONG Zhi-chao
| （Peace and Happiness Association，ST. Paul’s Co-Educational College，Hong Kong，China) Abstract: The author analyzed such technical challenges in WANG Hao style over-the-table twist-pulling technique as “tilt the paddle somewhat forward, bend the wrist counterclockwise and raise the elbow joint outward to the limit”, and revealed that for a halfway player, the key to success in learning a new technique is to get over negative skill transformation. During teaching and training, the author designed a movement procedure in which psychology is combined with technique, a training method used to focus on inner attention by utilizing “the second signal sys-tem (language)”. Prior to twist-pulling, the player meditates this procedure (he/she can vigorously twist the ball only after he/she has bent the wrist counterclockwise to the limit and raised the elbow joint outward to the limit), so as to enhance his/her inner attention, constantly reduce, overcome or even eliminate the effect of negative skill transfor-mation, and ultimately master this new technique. However, as for a high performance player who has already mas-tered WANG Hao style over-the-table twist-pulling technique, he/she needs no inner attention, otherwise, it will damage his/her unconscious competence, obstruct the execution of skill automation, do no good but harm to skill exertion, which should be adequately noted by various coaches and players. |
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