| （北京体育大学，北京 100084） 摘 要：竞技游泳运动技术、体能、训练理念、方法与手段、赛制以及器材的发展是我国竞技游泳运动成绩持续稳定提高的核心要素。技术方面突出技术精细化的特点，对细节技术的把握、科学减阻理论的应用以及合理的划频、划幅组合；体能训练表现出与主项相结合的特点，注重核心力量与核心稳定性的发展，发展深层小肌群训练，避免运动损伤；训练理念方面有了突破性的发展，越来越多的教练员开始注重质量训练和有效强度的训练，对训练强度的制订、实施与监控更加合理，训练科学化水平明显提高；赛制的发展主要表现在竞赛日程、竞赛方法方面，比赛日程与国际大赛接轨，竞赛方法突出中国特色；游泳器材的发展主要与竞技规则相适应，突出训练器材与专项训练相结合的特点。 |
GAO Jie，TAO Min，YUAN Shao-ting
| （Beijing Sports University，Beijing 100084，China) Abstract: The development of competitive swimming technology, stamina, training philosophy, methods and means, competition system and equipment is the core factor that has resulted in the constant, steady development of competi-tive swimming performance; in terms of technology, the characteristics of technical refinement have been highlighted, technical detail control, scientific resistance reduction theory application, as well as rational stroke frequency and mag-nitude combination, have become the keys to win in today’s swimming world; the development of stamina training has shown the characteristics of its combination with the main event, while the coaches and swimmers have focused on developing core power and core stability, carrying out in-depth small muscle group training, and avoiding sports injury; in terms of training philosophy, there has been breaking development, more and more coaches started to value quality training and effective intensity training, more rationally established, implemented and monitored training intensity, and significantly improved their performance in making training more scientific; competition system development is mainly embodied in competition schedules and competition methods, in which competition schedules are made according to major international games, while competition methods highlight Chinese characteristics; swimming equipment devel-opment in China in the new century mainly adapt to competition rules, highlight the characteristics of combination of training equipment with specific event training. |
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