| （1.江西师范大学 体育学院，江西 南昌 330027；2.宜春学院 体育学院，江西 宜春 336000） 摘 要：运动性骨骼肌微损伤(exercise-induced muscle damage，EIMD)会引起肌肉功能的暂时性下降，如果处理不当，还可能造成更严重的损伤或者过度训练，甚至导致运动员运动寿命的结束。但是，已有研究表明恰当的离心运动训练在导致EIMD的同时比向心运动训练更能促进肌纤维肥大和相应的肌力增长，并且还有典型的“重复训练效应”，即EIMD恢复后一段时期内，肌肉重复同样的运动所引起的损伤或延迟性肌肉酸痛(DOMS)明显减轻。因此对其进行深入的研究不但有利于指导运动员避免或者减轻EIMD所带来的负面影响，同时有助于进一步阐明机体对运动训练产生适应的过程或机制。EIMD的诱发机制目前还不清楚，各种假说从本质上可以归纳为机械损伤学说和代谢紊乱学说。但不管是哪种机制诱发了EIMD，众多的实验结果已经证明机体在EIMD过程中发生了深刻的代谢变化，因此从代谢的角度对EIMD进行系统研究将成为此领域研究的重要方向。 |
LI Jiang-hua1，MAO Hai-feng2
| （1.School of Physical Education，Jiangxi Normal University，Nanchang 330027，China；2.School of Physical Education，Yichun College，Yichun 336000，China） Abstract: Slight kinetic skeletal muscle damage (SKSMD) can cause the temporary deterioration of muscle functions, may also cause more serious damage or over training or even the end of athlete sports life if not treated properly. How-ever, existing researches indicated that appropriate centrifugal exercise training can boot muscle fiber hypertrophy and corresponding muscle strength growth better than centripetal exercise training, and has a typical “repeated training ef-fect”, i.e. within a certain period after recovery from SKSMD, the damage or delayed muscle ache caused by muscle repeating the same exercise is significantly reduced or alleviated. Therefore, in-depth study of it is conducive not only to guiding athletes to prevent SKSMD or negative effects brought by SKSMD, but also to further describing the proc-ess or mechanism for the body to adapt to exercise training. At present, the inducement mechanism of SKSMD is not clear; essentially various hypotheses can be reduced into the theory of mechanical damage and the theory of metabolic disorder. However, no matter which mechanism induced SKSMD, a lot of experimental results have proved that pro-found metabolic changes occurred in the process of SKSMD. Therefore, systematic study of SKSMD from the per-spective of metabolism will become an important direction in the study in this area. |
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