| （苏州大学 体育学院，江苏 苏州 215006） 摘 要：通过界定学校体育伤害事故责任的概念，分析认为美国学校体育伤害事故中可能成为责任主体的有学区、学校和教师；时间和地域范围不仅包括在校和学校内，而且包括与学校学习相关的时间和地域。其责任构成要件包括损害、照顾学生的法定责任，违反“合理照顾标准”的行为、近因。当出现共同过失、甘冒风险的情况，或签署免责协议和拥有政府免责权时，学校体育伤害事故具有免责的理由。最后，结合中美对于学校体育伤害事故责任这一法律问题，在适用范围、归责原则因果关系、免责抗辩、替代责任上作了比较，得出了对我国的启示。 |
CHEN Hua-rong，WANG Jia-hong
| （School of Physical Education，Soochow University，Suzhou 215006，China） Abstract: By defining the concept of liabilities for injury accidents happened to school physical education, the au-thors, via their analysis, put forward the following opinions: the parties that may become the main body of liability in injury accidents happened to school physical education in the United States include school districts, schools and teachers; the time and territorial scope include not only on campus and within the school, but also the time and ter-ritory in relation to learning in school; key liability constituting elements include legal liabilities for damages and student care, behaviors and proximate causes for breaching the “rational care standard”; when a case of contributory negligence or voluntary risk taking occurs, or when a liability exemption agreement is signed and a governmental liability exemption right is owned, there is a reason for liability exemption for injury accidents happened to school physical education. Lastly, the authors compared stipulations made by China and the United States on such a legal issue as injury accidents happened to school physical education, such as applicable scope, principles for liability at-tribution, cause and effect relationship, liability exemption debate, and vicarious liability. |
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