(苏州大学 王健法学院，江苏 苏州 215006) 摘 要：世界反兴奋剂制度对样本采集程序标准的层级设置导致不同标准内容不统一，易导致运动员和兴奋剂管制主体产生冲突，国际标准效力至上的立场会纵容样本采集人员向低标准逃逸。鉴于兴奋剂管制资源分布不均的现实，建议在现有制度的基础上细化国际标准，要求兴奋剂管制主体严格执行内部规则确定的高水平实践标准。行政行为公定力理论和妨害公务罪构成要件的一般观点对分析兴奋剂违规的认定问题有借鉴意义，样本采集程序重大瑕疵应成为运动员“未能遵守”类违规的阻却事由。《世界反兴奋剂条例》虽已规定“强制性的正当理由”这一违规阻却事由，但该标准无法全面涵盖程序重大瑕疵的价值考量，应将程序重大瑕疵规定为单独的违规阻却事由。 |
CHAI Mao-mao，GUO Shu-li
(Kenneth Wang School of Law，Soochow University，Suzhou 215006，China) Abstract: The hierarchical setting of the standards on sample collection session in the world anti-doping system leads to the disunity with all kinds of standards, which may easily result in conflicts between athletes and doping control coordinators. It may also connive at the escape of Sample Collection Personnel to lower standards if stick to the point that the effectiveness of international standards is paramount. In view of the uneven distribution of doping control resources, it is suggested that international standards should be refined on the basis of the existing system, requiring Doping Control Coordinators to implement the higher practice standards set by applicable internal rules. The theory of presumptive legality of administrative act and the general theory of the constitutive elements of the crime of endangering public affairs can be used to analyze the determination of anti-doping rule violations, and the serious flaw in sample collection session should be the ground of justification of “Failure to Comply” of athletes. The serious flaw in sample collection session cannot be fully evaluated by the compelling justification stipulated in the World Anti-Doping Code, and should be defined as a separate ground of justification. |
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