马军1，王华倬2，王乐乐2
(1.黄河科技学院 艺体学部，河南 郑州 450006；2.贵州大学 体育学院，贵州 贵阳 550025)
摘 要：清末学堂运动会不仅是体育运动的竞赛场，更是一个特殊的社会空间，是学校与社会互动的重要场域。运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法，对清末学堂运动会兴起缘由进行全面梳理与考察，以期钩沉出运动会蕴含的历史价值及产生的深远影响。研究认为，学堂运动会兴起的动因可归结为5点：“尚武精神”为其兴起奠定观念层面主基调；赴日教育考察为其引入提供直观参考；兴学热潮为其普及提供政策依据；京师大学堂运动会在其推广过程中起到了率先垂范作用；军国民教育案为联合运动会的举办提供制度遵循。基于以上缘由，其历史影响包括3个方面：体育观念冲破思想先驱局限，由个体性、散发性转向群体性、系统性；“挽积弱而图自存”的实用理性占主导，体育自身价值隐匿于社会诉求之中；“师法日本”的指导方针影响了学堂运动会的发展走向。
关 键 词：体育史；晚清体育；学堂运动会
中图分类号：G852 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116(2026)01-0135-09
Reason and effect of the rise for school sports meeting in the late Qing dynasty
MA Jun1，WANG Huazhuo2，WANG Lele2
(1.Department of Arts and Physical Education，Huanghe Science and Technology College，Zhengzhou 450006，China；2.School of Physical Education，Guizhou University，Guiyang 550025，China)
Abstract: During the late Qing Dynasty, school sports meeting was not merely competitive arenas for sports events, but also served as unique social spaces, and also crucial venues for interaction between schools and society. By using methods of documentary research and logical analysis, this study comprehensively examines the reasons behind the rise of school sports meeting in the late Qing Dynasty, so as to uncover their historical significance and far-reaching impact. The research identifies five key factors driving the emergence of school sports meeting: the spirit of "martial arts" laid the ideological foundation for their rise; educational visit to Japan provided intuitive reference for their introduction; the wave of educational reforms offered policy basis for its popularization; the sports meeting at Peking University set a pioneering example in its generalization; the Military-Citizen education proposal provided institutional guidelines for organizing unified sports meeting. Based on these reasons, the historical influence of school sports meeting can be summarized in three aspects: the concept of physical education transcended the limitations of early advocates, shifting from individual and sporadic efforts to collective and systematic endeavors; a pragmatic rationality centered on "reversing weakness and striving for self-preservation" dominated, causing the intrinsic value of sports to become overshadowed by broader social demands; the guiding principle of learning from Japan influenced the developmental trajectory of school sports meeting.
Keywords: sports history；sports in late Qing Dynasty；school sports meeting