张大超，杨娟
(河南体育学院，河南 郑州 450044)
摘 要：在义务教育阶段体育课程帮助学生掌握1~2项专项运动技能提出的背景与价值基础上，从目标定位、体育教学、发展模式、政策计划以及发展成效5个方面了解发达国家关于学生学会专项运动技能的实践探索与经验，探索我国义务教育阶段帮助学生掌握1~2项专项运动技能的实施路径。政府部门应分别对学校、社区、家庭制定针对性的体育政策、行动计划，为学生掌握专项运动技能营造良好的培养环境；在整个义务教育阶段实现小学与中学之间学段衔接，实现专项运动技能在体育课堂教学中的连续性(教会)；促使校内校外体育社团、俱乐部协调配合，为学生练习专项运动技能提供多样化的体育运动机会(勤练)；为学生提供参与体育比赛的机会，让学生在多等级体育比赛中不断提升专项运动技能，实现运动技能专项化发展(常赛)；以学业成绩评价的形式对学生体育的综合发展水平进行多角度评价，实现学生综合运动能力的提升(综评)。具体实施措施：(1)制定明确的学生专项运动技能发展目标提供方向与价值理念引领；(2)制定针对性的体育政策标准与行动计划提供强有力的支撑环境；(3)校内实现专项运动技能教学学段有效衔接提供“教会”机会；(4)校内外为学生专项运动技能发展提供“勤练”机会；(5)提供参与多样化多等级体育竞赛的“常赛”机会；(6)建立标准体系综合评价学生专项运动技能等体育发展水平。
关 键 词：学校体育；专项运动技能；学生综合运动能力；学、练、赛、评；义务教育
中图分类号：G807 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116(2025)05-0119-08
Mastering 1~2 special sports skills for students in the help of sports curriculum during the compulsory education: Extraterritorial experience and local paths
ZHANG Dachao，YANG Juan
(Henan Sport University，Zhengzhou 450044，China)
Abstract: Based on the background and value of proposing helping students mastering 1~2 special sports skills in compulsory education stage, this paper explores the practical exploration and experience of developed countries in helping students learn special sports skills from five aspects including goal positioning, physical education teaching, development mode, policy planning, and development effectiveness, which explores the implementation path of helping students master 1~2 special sports skills in China's compulsory education stage. Government departments should develop targeted sports policies and action plans for schools, communities, and families, creating a favorable training environment for students to master special sports skills; realizing the education transition between primary and secondary schools throughout the entire compulsory education stage, and ensuring the continuity of special sports skills in physical education classroom teaching (teaching); promoting coordination and cooperation between on-campus and off-campus sports clubs, and providing diverse sports opportunities for students to practice special sports skills (diligent practice); providing students with opportunities to participate in sports competitions, allowing them to continuously improve their special sports skills in multi~level sports competitions and achieving special development of sports skills (regular competitions); evaluating the comprehensive development level of students' physical education from multiple perspectives in the form of academic performance evaluation, and to achieve the improvement of students' comprehensive sports ability (comprehensive evaluation). And specific implementation measures contains: (1) establishing clear development goals for students' special sports skills, provide direction and value concept guidance; (2) developing targeted sports policy standards and action plans to provide a strong supportive environment; (3) effectively connecting special sports skills teaching stages within the school provides opportunities for "teaching"; (4) providing opportunities for students to practice diligently for the development of special sports skills both on and off campus; (5) providing "frequently competing" opportunities to participate in diverse and multi~level sports competitions; (6) establishing a standard system for comprehensive evaluation of students' special sports skills and other sports development levels.
Keywords: school physical education；special sports skills；students’ comprehensive sports ability；learn，practice，compete，and evaluate；compulsory education