李玉周，李禄一，王蕊
(河南师范大学 体育学院，河南 新乡 453007)
摘 要：中老年人体力活动与认知功能之间存在显著相关性，但潜在的因果关系仍需进一步厘清。研究利用2015年、2018年和2020年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)的数据，使用固定效应和交叉滞后回归分析，对两者的因果关系进行量化考察。结果显示，控制2015年(T1)和2018年(T2)时间点的认知功能后，T1时间点的高体力活动水平显著预测T2时间点的认知功能，T2时间点的高体力活动水平显著预测2020年(T3)时间点的认知功能。反之，在控制T1和T2的体力活动水平后，T1的认知功能显著预测T2的高体力活动水平，T2的认知功能显著预测T3的高体力活动水平。结果表明：中老年人高体力活动水平与认知功能之间存在显著的正相关关系和双向因果关系。早期高体力活动水平对后期的认知功能有显著预测作用，同时认知功能对后期的高体力活动水平也有显著影响。研究结果对制定有效的公共健康政策和个体健康促进具有重要意义。
关 键 词：体力活动水平；认知功能；双向因果；中老年人
中图分类号：G806 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116(2025)04-0137-07
Research on the bidirectional causal relationship between physical activity level and cognitive function in middle-aged and elderly people
LI Yuzhou，LI Luyi，WANG Rui
(School of Physical Education，Henan Normal University，Xinxiang 453007，China)
Abstract: A significant correlation between physical activity and cognitive function in middle-aged and elderly people, but the underlying causal relationship still needs further clarification. This study extracts the data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2015, 2018 and 2020, and the fixed effects and cross-lagged regression analysis are also used to explore the reciprocal relationship between physical activity and cognitive function. The results showed that after controlling for cognitive function at the time points of 2015 (T1) and 2018 (T2), high physical activity level at T1 significantly predicted cognitive function at T2, and high physical activity level at T2 significantly predicted cognitive function at the time point of 2020 (T3). Conversely, after controlling for physical activity level at T1 and T2, cognitive function at T1 significantly predicted high physical activity level at T2, and cognitive function at T2 significantly predicted high physical activity level at T3. The study concluded that there is a significant positive correlation and bidirectional causal relationship between high physical activity level and cognitive function in middle-aged and elderly people. High physical activity level have a significant predictive effect on cognitive function in early stages, while cognitive function also has a significant impact on high physical activity level in later stages. These results will be of great significance for formulating effective public health policies and promoting individual health.
Keywords: physical activity level；cognitive function；bidirectional causality；middle-aged and elderly people