张越，林志义，杨海晨
(福建师范大学 体育科学学院，福建 福州 350117)
摘 要：现代主义与后现代主义两股社会思潮推动我国体育人类学民族志研究的发生与发展，以“研究者自我主体意识保留空间大小”划分出“科学民族志、解释人类学、实验民族志”3种民族志表述类型，并辅以具体的体育人类学案例批判，说明研究者在不同阶段可能存有的身份困境。研究认为在既往人类中心主义取向的民族志人文研究中，主体与客体始终需要相互对立的前提。后现代体育民族志的反身性镜像思维无疑加剧研究者与研究对象的二元割裂，遂提出后人文主义视域下的衍射分析与研究组合，或能以物质性力量与去人类中心主义思维，一定程度消解研究者对于民族志过程的影响。
关 键 词：体育人类学；民族志；主客位关系；主体间性；后人文主义；新唯物主义
中图分类号：G80-05 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116(2025)03-0049-07
The representation crisis and resolution of subject-object relationship in the ethnography of sports anthropology inChina
ZHANG Yue，LIN Zhiyi，YANG Haichen
(School of Physical Education and Sport Science，Fujian Normal University，Fuzhou 350117，China)
Abstract: The two social trends of modernism and postmodernism have significantly influenced the development of ethnographic research in the sports anthropology in China, and that divides ethnography into three types such as scientific ethnography, interpretive anthropology, and experimental ethnography based on the extent to which the researcher allows space for self-subjective consciousness, along with this distinction is illustrated with specific examples from the anthropology of sport to critically examine the identity dilemmas researchers may face at different stages of their work. It is argued that traditional anthropocentric ethnographic research relies on a mutually antagonistic relationship between subject and object. The reflexive and self-aware approach in postmodern sports ethnography intensifies this dichotomy. In contrast, it has been proposed that a post-humanism perspective of diffractive analysis and research assemblage, which may be able to somewhat dissolve the researcher's influence on the ethnographic process with the power of materiality and anthropocentric thinking.
Keywords: sports anthropology；ethnography；subject-object relationship；intersubjectivity；post-humanism；new- materialism