李凯欣1，赵越2，肖绛1，彭俊歌2，李晏3
(1.郑州大学 体育学院(校本部)，河南 郑州 450001；2.郑州大学 公共卫生学院，河南 郑州 450001；3.郑州大学第二临床医学院 体育学院(校本部)，河南 郑州 450001)
摘 要：对河南省某高校1 406名18~24岁大学生开展横断面调查，通过国际体力活动问卷与匹兹堡睡眠指数量表进行24 h活动行为调查，采用自测健康评定量表评估健康水平，运用成分分析和等时替代模型方法分析大学生24 h活动行为与自测健康的关联及替代效应。结果显示：(1)24 h活动行为与大学生自测健康各因子、维度及总分均显著相关(P<0.001)，MVPA、LPA及睡眠时间占比均与大学生自测健康总分呈显著正相关(MVPA：β=3.68，P<0.05；LPA：β=1.45，P=0.05；睡眠：β=1.95，P<0.05)，久坐行为时间占比与大学生自测健康总分呈显著负相关(β=-4.31，P<0.05)；(2)15 min等时替代模型预测变化显示，MVPA替换其他活动行为后大学生自测健康得分均显著上升，且MVPA替代久坐行为对提高自测健康得分的效应最佳；(3)在从-40 min到40 min的剂量-效应关系中，其他行为替代MVPA产生的不利影响大于MVPA替代其他行为产生的益处，同时5 min是健康效益变化的最佳转折点。研究认为，大学生24 h活动行为的综合效应值需高度重视，尤其应关注MVPA不足和久坐时间过长对大学生整体健康的负面影响。促使久坐行为向MVPA适度转化可以有效改善大学生的健康水平，而睡眠可能是健康干预的另一重要方向。此外，每天45 min的MVPA最低推荐量能够让大学生获得最高效的体质健康效益。
关 键 词：24 h活动行为；成分分析；等时替代模型；自测健康；大学生
中图分类号：G806 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116(2025)02-0139-08
Compositional isochronous substitution model to analyse the association between 24-h movement behaviour and self-measurement health for university students
LI Kaixin1，ZHAO Yue2，XIAO Jiang1，PENG Junge2，LI Yan3
(1.School of Physical Education，Zhengzhou University，Zhengzhou 450001，China；2.School of Public Health，Zhengzhou University，Zhengzhou 450001，China；3.School of Physical Education，The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University，Zhengzhou 450001，China)
Abstract: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from April to June 2024 on 1 406 college students aged 18 to 24 years in a university in Henan. 24-h movement behavior was investigated by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Index Scale, and the self-measurement health scale was used to assess the health level of college students, and the association between the 24-h movement behavior of college students and their self-measurement health was analyzed by using the methods of constituent data and isochronous substitution modeling, as well as the substitution. The association between 24-h movement behavior and self-measurement health and the substitution effect were analyzed using component data and isochronous substitution model. The results showed that: (1) there was a significant correlation between 24-hour movement behaviors and various factors, dimensions, and the total score of self-rated health among university students (P<0.001). The proportions of time spent in MVPA, Sleep, and LPA were significantly positively correlated with the total self-rated health score (MVPA: β=3.68, P<0.05; Sleep: β=1.95, P<0.05; LPA: β=1.45, P=0.05), while the proportion of time spent in sedentary behaviour was significantly negatively correlated with the total self-rated health score (β=-4.31, P<0.05). (2) The 15-min isochronous substitution model predicted changes showing that all college students' self-tested health scores increased significantly after MVPA replacement of other movement behaviors, and that MVPA replacement of sedentary behaviour had the best effect on increasing self-tested health scores. (3) In the dose-effect relationship from -40 min to 40 min, the adverse effects of MVPA replacement by other behaviors outweighed the benefits of MVPA replacement by other behaviors; furthermore, 5 min was the optimal turning point for changes in health benefits. The research suggests that the combined effects of 24-hour movement behaviors of college students deserve great attention, especially the negative impact of MVPA deficiency and sedentary time on the overall health of college students. Promoting the conversion of sedentary behavior to MVPA moderation can effectively improve the health of college students, and sleep may be another important direction for health intervention. In addition, the minimum recommended amount of MVPA of 45 min per day could yield the most efficient physical health gains.
Keywords: 24-hour movement behavior；compositional analysis；isochronous substitution model；self-measurement health；university students