周海督 1, 2，冯良珠 1，3，刘鸿优 118
(1.华南师范大学 体育科学学院，广东 广州 510006；2.东北师范大学附属中学深圳学校，广东 深圳 518118； 3.渭南师范学院 体育学院，陕西 渭南 714099)
摘 要：采用广义混合线性模型，选取 2012—2021 赛季中超联赛 486 场第一个进球出现在 15~30 min 和 60~75 min 的比赛表现数据为研究样本，量化进球与失球球队在第一个进球前后技术 与跑动表现指标的变化。研究发现：第一个进球之后，进球球队会采取相对保守的比赛策略，失 球球队会采取更加主动的进攻策略，具体表现为：(1)技术表现方面，进球球队的射门次数、传球 次数、传球成功率、向前传球次数、向前传球成功率、传中次数、控球次数、进攻三区个人控球 次数、平均个人触球次数、控球时间、控球率出现明显下降；失球球队的传球次数、传球成功率、 向前传球次数、向前传球成功率、传中次数、控球次数、进攻三区个人控球次数、平均个人触球 次数、控球时间、控球率出现明显上升。(2)跑动表现方面，进球球队的跑动总距离、高速跑次数、 高速跑距离、高速跑动占比和中速跑距离出现明显下降，但冲刺跑动指标只出现微小无意义变化； 失球球队的跑动总距离、冲刺次数、冲刺距离、冲刺跑动占比、高速跑次数、高速跑距离和中速 跑距离也出现明显下降。研究结果可为教练员制定和调整第一个进球前后的战术和用人策略提供 有意义的参考。
关 键 词：竞赛与训练；中超联赛；比赛表现；技术表现；跑动表现；运动表现分析
中图分类号：G843 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116(2024)06-0133-07
Comparative study on the technical and running performance of teams before and after the first goal in the Chinese Football Association Super League
ZHOU Haidu1, 2，FENG Liangzhu1，3，LIU Hongyou1
(1.School of Physical Education，South China Normal University，Guangzhou 510006，China； 2.Shenzhen School of Affiliated High School，Northeast Normal University，Shenzhen 518118，China； 3.School of Physical Education，Weinan Normal University，Weinan 714099，China)
Abstract: The generalized mixed linear model was employed to quantify the mean changes in technical and running performance indicators after the first goal of scoring and conceding team based on a sample of 486 Chinese Football Association Super League games in which the first goal appeared in 15-30 minutes and 60-75 minutes during 2012-2021 season. The results showed that after the first goal, the scoring team will adopt a relatively conservative game strategy, and the losing team will adopt a more active offensive strategy, which is embodied in: (1) In terms of technical performance, the number of shots, passes, pass accuracy, forward passes, forward pass accuracy, crosses, individual possessions, individual possessions in the attacking third, average ball touches, ball possession time and ball possession rate substantially decreased; while for the goal-conceding team, the number of passes, pass accuracy, forward passes, forward pass accuracy, crosses, individual possessions, individual possessions in the attacking third, average ball touches, ball possession time and ball possession rate substantially increased. (2) In terms of running performance, the total running distance, the number of high-speed runs, the distance of high-speed runs, the proportion of high-speed runs and the distance of medium-speed runs of the scoring team showed a clear decline, but there were only small, meaningless changes in the sprint running index; the total distance of run, the number of sprints, the distance of sprint, the proportion of sprint runs, the number of high-speed runs, the distance of high-speed runs and the distance of medium-speed runs of the conceding team also showed a clear decline. The results can provide a meaningful empirical reference for coaches to formulate and adjust the tactics and to choose proper substitution strategies before and after the first goal in professional football matches.
Keywords: competition and training；Chinese Football Association Super League；match performance；technical performance；running performance；sports performance analysis