(1.西北大学 体育教研部，陕西 西安 710127；2.陕西青年职业学院 公共课教研部，陕西 西安 710100；3.陕西师范大学 体育学院，陕西 西安 710119；4.陕西师范大学 运动学习科学重点实验室，陕西 西安 710119)
摘 要：探讨定向运动练习对大学生空间定向能力的影响及其脑机制，为提升人的空间认知能力提供新途径和科学依据。以48名大一学生为研究对象，随机分为实验组和对照组，对实验组进行8周定向运动练习干预，采用功能性近红外光谱成像系统(fNIRS)记录被试者大脑氧合血红蛋白(Oxy-Hb)浓度变化，分析被试者干预前后空间定向认知任务的行为表现及神经机制。结果表明：(1)定向运动练习显著提升练习者空间定向认知任务的正确率且显著优于对照组。(2)在空间定向任务中，实验组左侧腹外侧前额叶(L-VLPFC)和左侧背外侧前额叶(L-DLPFC)的Oxy-Hb激活显著降低且低于对照组。(3)实验组腹外侧前额叶(VLPFC)的Oxy-Hb浓度与正确率显著相关。研究认为，定向运动练习可以有效改善练习者的空间定向认知能力，且空间定向能力的改善效益与大脑前额叶皮层激活程度有关。定向运动练习改善练习者空间定向能力的脑机制可能是通过改变练习者的空间认知加工模式，从而促进其脑神经活动的优化。
关 键 词：定向运动；认知功能；空间定向；功能性近红外光谱成像系统
中图分类号：G826 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116(2024)05-0135-08
The effect of orienteering exercises on the spatial orienteering ability for college students: Evidence from the behavioral science and fNIRS
YIN Chunyu1，SHI Li2，ZHANG Wen3，LIU Yang3, 4
(1.Department of Physical Education，Northwest University，Xi'an 710127，China；2.Public Courses Teaching and Research Department，Shaanxi Youth Vocational College，Xi'an 710100，China；3.School of Physical Education，Shaanxi Normal University，Xi'an 710119，China；4.Key Laboratory of Motor Learning Science，Shaanxi Normal University，Xi'an 710119，China)
Abstract: To investigate the impact of orienteering exercise on college students' spatial orientation ability and its brain mechanism, so as to provide new approaches and scientific evidence for enhancing human spatial cognitive ability. A total of 48 freshmen were recruited and randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group underwent an 8-week orienteering exercise intervention, and the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) system was used to record changes in the concentration of oxyhemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) in the subjects' brains, and the behavioral performance and neural mechanisms of spatial orientation cognitive tasks for subjects before and after the intervention were analyzed. Results showed that (1) orienteering exercise significantly improved the accuracy of spatial orientation cognitive tasks in the participants, and also significantly outperforming the control group. (2) During spatial orientation tasks, the Oxy-Hb activation in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (L-VLPFC) and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC) for the experimental group was significantly reduced, and lower than that of the control group. (3) The Oxy-Hb concentration in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) for the experimental group was significantly correlated with accuracy. The conclusion suggests that orienteering exercise can effectively improve the spatial orientation cognitive ability of participants, and the benefit of improved spatial orientation ability is related to the activation level of the prefrontal cortex. The brain mechanism underlying the improvement of spatial orientation ability through orienteering exercise may involve changes in the spatial cognitive processing patterns of participants, and thereby promoting the optimization of brain neural activity.
Keywords: orienteering；cognitive function；spatial orientation；functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)