(1.湖南信息学院 体育与健康教学部，湖南 长沙 410151；2.湖南师范大学 体育学院，湖南 长沙 410012；3.湖南师大附中梅溪湖中学，湖南 长沙 410221)
摘 要：为理性审视高校实施强制课外体育锻炼这一问题，对其存在的两大争议、现实原型及良好效应进行了梳理，指出高校实施强制课外体育锻炼具有必要性、有效性与合法性，提出了高校实施强制课外体育锻炼的推进策略。研究认为，高校实施强制课外体育锻炼存在合法性和有效性争议问题，即对自由的背离、对兴趣的忽视。但实际上，生命健康权是高校实施强制课外体育锻炼的法律依据，强制与自由只是高校实施健康促进干预活动的不同手段，两者殊途同归，大学生存在兴趣的迷失现象，而强制课外体育锻炼有助于帮助他们实现体育感知觉的积淀与拓展。高校实施强制课外体育锻炼有着悠久的历史传统，并产生有良好的体质健康保障效应、消极体育观念或意识矫正效应、群体和社会示范效应。研究建议，科学认识高校实施强制课外体育锻炼对大学生生命权和健康权的保护作用，对促进其从被动参与到主动参与具有转化作用，对推进感知体育锻炼的乐趣和效用具有体验作用，给高校实施强制课外体育锻炼更多的组织与管理自主权。高校实施强制课外体育锻炼，需要科学设计强制课外体育锻炼的内容，做到形式合规，方式与方法合理；制定实施强制课外体育锻炼的激励措施和监督手段，建构外在的引导和约束机制；加强校园强制课外体育锻炼的数字平台建设，建构动态追踪和意见反馈机制；打造多元化的校园体育赛事体系，发展学生体育社团，引导学生主动运动参与。
关 键 词：学校体育；课外体育锻炼；强制体育；大学生体质
中图分类号：G807.0 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116(2024)05-0115-07
The controversy and promotion strategy of compulsory extra-curricular physical exercise conducted by colleges and universities
QING Kaili1，GU Dehong2，QIN Shuo3
(1.Department of Physical Education and Health Education，Hunan University of Information Technology，Changsha 410151，China；2.School of Physical Education，Hunan Normal University，Changsha 410012，China；
3.The High School Attached to HNU-Meixihu High School，Hunan Normal University，Changsha 410221，China)
Abstract: In order to better rationally examine the issue of compulsory extra-curricular physical exercise conducted by colleges and universities, this paper sort out the two major controversial issues, realistic prototypes, and good effects for that condition, and also points out the necessity, validity, and legitimacy of that, along with some promotion strategies to this phenomenon. It is believed that the validity and validity of compulsory extra-curricular physical exercise conducted by colleges and universities are disputed at present, that is, the deviation from freedom and the neglect of interest. But in fact, the right to life and health is the legal basis for the implementation of compulsory extra-curricular physical exercise in colleges and universities. Coercion and freedom are just different means for the implementation of health promotion intervention activities in colleges and universities, and the two lead to the same destination. Now college students have lost their interests, and compulsory extracurricular physical exercise can help them accumulate and expand their sports perception. There is a long historical tradition of compulsory extra-curricular physical exercise conducted by colleges and universities, and it produces good physical health protection effect, negative sports concept or consciousness correction effect, group and social demonstration effect. This work suggests that the scientific understanding of the protection of college students' right to life and health by the implementation of compulsory extra-curricular physical exercise, the transformation effect of promoting their passive participation to active participation, the experiential effect of promoting their perception of the fun and effectiveness of physical exercise, and the autonomy of organization and management of compulsory extra-curricular physical exercise should be given to colleges and universities. It is necessary for colleges and universities to carry out compulsory extra-curricular physical exercise that the content of that condition should be designed scientifically, and the form and method should be compliant and reasonable; formulating the incentive measures and supervision means of this phenomenon, and also constructing the external guidance and restraint mechanism; strengthening the construction of digital platform for compulsory extracurricular physical exercise on campus, and constructing dynamic tracking and feedback mechanism; building a diversified system of campus sports events, developing sports associations and guiding students to take the initiative to participate in sports.
Keywords: school physical education；extra-curricular physical exercise；compulsory physical education；college students’ physique