(1.上海体育学院 体育教育学院,上海 200438;2.浙江师范大学 体育与健康科学学院,浙江 金华 321004) 摘 要:采用成分数据分析方法探究儿童 24 h 活动与基本动作技能的关系,以及 24 h 活动时 间之间重新分配与基本动作技能的“剂量-效应”特征。对浙江省金华市 327 名 6~10 岁儿童展开横 断面调查,采用加速度计测量 24 h 活动,采用大肌肉动作发展测试第 3 版测量 FMS,运用成分数 据分析方法分析 24 h 活动时间占比、重新分配与基本动作技能的关系。结果显示:(1)控制年龄、 性别和身体质量指数后,中高强度身体活动时间占比与儿童的 FMS 显著正相关(β=4.155,P<0.01), 久坐行为时间占比与FMS显著负相关(β=-6.926,P<0.01),睡眠和低强度身体活动时间占比与FMS 均无显著相关。(2)MVPA 替代其他行为(LPA、SED、睡眠)可显著提升儿童 FMS 水平,反之则降 低,且两者之间的相互替代具有不对称性;睡眠替代 SED 也会提升 FMS 水平,反之则降低;在 所有替代中,MVPA 替代 SED 对 FMS 的促进效应最佳。(3)睡眠时间占比以及与 MVPA 之间的相 互替代与操控技能正相关,与位移技能无显著性相关;同时,MVPA 与其他行为之间的相互替代 对于操控技能的影响均高于位移技能。研究认为:学校与家庭应关注儿童 24 h 活动整体效应,减 少久坐代之以 MVPA 活动,或提高活动强度促成 LPA 与 MVPA 的转换,同时减少久坐从而保证 充足睡眠,并应更注重于儿童操控技能的 24h 活动干预。 关 键 词:身体活动;久坐行为;睡眠;基本动作技能;成分数据分析方法;儿童 中图分类号:G804.49 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-7116(2023)01-0137-08 |
QIU Yanping,WANG Lijuan,ZHOU Yulan,CHEN Huan,LIANG Guo
(1.School of Physical Education,Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China; 2.School of Physical Education and Health,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua 321004,China) Abstract: To explore the relationships between 24-hour movement behaviors and Fundamental Motor Skills (FMS) using compositional data analyses among children, and the "dose-effect" characteristics of the reallocation between them. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 327 primary school students aged 6~10 years old in Jinhua. Accelerometer and Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD-3) were used to measure time spent in 24-hour movement behaviors and FMS, respectively. Compositional data analyses were used to analyze the relationship of FMS with the reallocation of time spent 24-hour activity. Results show that: (1) After controlling the sex, age and BMI, time spent on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (β= 4.155, P <0.01) was positively associated with FMS, while the time spent on sedentary behavior (SED) (β=-6.926, P<0.01) was negatively associated with FMS in children. Sleep duration (P>0.05) and light-intensity physical activity (LPA) (P > 0.05) were not significantly associated with FMS. (2) The reallocation of time from other behaviors (LPA, SED, sleep) to MVPA can significantly improve FMS. On the contrary, the reallocation from MVPA to other behaviors (LPA, SED, sleep) can significantly reduce FMS. The associations between the reallocation between MVPA and other activities were asymmetrical. The reallocation from SED to sleep improve FMS significantly. The reallocation from SED to MVPA had the best promoting effect on FMS. (3) The proportion of sleep duration and the reallocation between sleep duration and MVPA were positively correlated with object control skills, but not with locomotion skills. At the same time, the influence of MVPA and other behaviors on object control skills is higher than that of locomotion skill. Conclusion will be that: Schools and parents should pay attention to the effect of children's 24-hour activities. Reallocating SED to MVPA or sleep, and reallocating LPA to MVPA will improve the FMS. More attention should be paid to the intervention of 24-hour activities on children's object control skills. Keywords: physical activity;sedentary behavior;sleep;fundamental motor skills;compositional data analysis; children |
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