我国优秀男子散打运动员身体功能训练研究

(1.北京体育大学 竞技体育学院，北京 100084；2.北京理工大学附属中学 体育组，北京 100089；3.北京朝阳区第二实验小学 体育组，北京 100024；4.山西农业大学 体育部，山西 晋中 030801；5.北京体育大学 国际体育组织学院，北京 100084；6.北京体育大学 中国武术学院，北京 100084)

摘    要：探讨身体功能训练在我国优秀男子散打运动员的应用实践效果，采用随机对照实验设计对我国 24 名优秀男子散打运动员进行为期 16 周、每周 3 次、每次 60 min 的身体功能训练。结果显示：(1)在基本运动能力方面，实验组在平板支撑、仰卧脚撑瑞士球平板支撑、悬吊侧卧平板支撑(左和右两侧)、单腿站平衡垫、瑞士球静蹲、坐位体前屈 7 项指标上较对照组有非常显著性改善(P<0.01)；(2)在一般运动能力方面，实验组在 400 m 跑、单足 4 级跳、立卧撑 3 项指标上较对照组有显著性提高(P<0.05)，在 Illinois 跑、高翻、卧推、深蹲等 4 项指标上较对照组有非常显著性提升(P<0.01)；(3)在专项运动能力方面，实验组在 10 s 冲拳、10 s 侧踹 2 项指标上较对照组有显著性提高(P<0.05)，在 30 s 变向击打靶、30 s 夹背摔假人、单次鞭腿击打力量、10 s 腿法击打力量、10 s 拳腿组合击打力量 5 项指标上较对照组有非常显著性提升(P<0.01)。结果表明：优秀男子散打运动员实验组的身体功能训练方案相对于对照组传统力量训练方案，强化了运动员的核心稳定性，优化了动作模式，加强了核心力量及其传输效率，对发展散打运动员的身体功能效果更佳。
关 键 词 ：竞赛与训练；身体功能训练；优秀男子散打运动员；运动能力
中图分类号：G808；G852 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116(2021)02-0131-07

(1.Athletic Sports College，Beijing Sport University，Beijing 100084，China；2.Group of Physical Education，High School Affiliated to BIT，Beijing 100089，China；3.Group of Physical Education， Chaoyang District Second Experimental Primary School，Beijing 100024，China；4.Department of Physical Education，Shanxi Agricultural University，Jinzhong 030801，China；5.School of International Sport Organizations，Beijing Sport University，Beijing 100084，China；6.Chinese Wushu College，Beijing Sport University，Beijing 100084，China)

Abstract: In order to testify the practical effect of physical function training applied to the Chinese elite male Sanda athletes, a randomized control experiment design was adopted to study on the physical function training of 24 elite male athletes for 16 weeks, 3 times a week and 60 minutes each time. The results showed that: (1) In terms of basic sports ability, the 7 indexes of plank-push up position, supine foot of Swiss ball plank-push up position, suspended side recumbent plank-push up position (left and right sides), single leg station balance pad, Swiss ball squatting and sitting body flexion in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p<0.01); (2) in terms of general sports ability, the 3 indexes of 400 m, four-step jump and vertical push-up in the experimental group were significantly better than the control group (p<0.05); the 4 indexes of Illinois running, high turn, lying push and squatting in the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group (p<0.01); (3) in terms of special sports ability, the 2 indexes of 10 s punch and 10 s side kick in the experimental group were significantly better than the control group (p<0.05); the 5 indexes of 30 s hit the target, 30 s clip back dummy, single whip leg hitting strength, 10 s leg hitting strength, 10 s fist and leg combination hitting strength in the experimental group were very significantly higher than the control group (p<0.01). The research shows that compared with the traditional strength training program of the control group, the physical function training program of the elite male Sanda athletes in the experimental group not only strengthens the athlete’s core stability, optimizes the action mode, but also strengthens the core strength and its transmission efficiency, which is better to develop physical function effect for the Sanda athletes.
Key words: competition and training；physical function training；elite male Sanda athletes；sports ability