(上海师范大学 体育学院,上海 200234) 摘 要:分析美国国家体育课程标准幼小阶段动作技能学习成果,厘清幼儿园和小学动作技能发展的联系与区别。研究认为:学前儿童动作技能学习发展应优先发展粗大肢体动作,位移动作发展强调动作的平衡表现;遵循由单侧肢体到对侧肢体动作,再到上下左右侧肢体协调动作的掌握顺序;操控动作学练不宜复杂,需注意器材的适宜性,部分难度动作开始强调动作的关键环节。据此提出我国学前儿童动作技能发展的新构架、教学理念的新设想、教学实践的新审视。
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MA Rui,SHEN Jian-hua,WANG Gai-fang
Abstract: The authors analyzed the achievements of movement skill learning at the kindergarten and elementary school stages in US National Physical Education Standards, and clarified the relations and differences between kin-dergarten and elementary school movement skill development. The authors concluded the followings: preschool children movement skill learning development should give priority to developing big limb movement, displacement movement development should emphasize the balance performance of movement; follow the order of mastering from unilateral limb movement to contralateral limb movement, and then to upper, lower, left and right limb coor-dinated movement; manipulation movement learning should not be complicated, attention should be paid to equip-ment suitability; at the beginning of some difficult movement, key links in the movement should be emphasized. Accordingly, the authors put forward a new framework of preschool children movement skill development in China, a new conception of teaching philosophy, and a new perspective of teaching practice.
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