| （1.华南师范大学 体育科学学院，广东 广州 510006；2.广雅实验学校，广东 广州 510176） 摘 要：对广东省24所中小学2 306名中小学生(10~18岁)身体发育和体质健康水平进行研究。测试指标包括身体形态、身体机能和身体素质。结果发现：1)男生身高在11~14、17~18岁出现2个快速增长期，女生出现1个快速增长期，且比男生更早；男女生10~13岁体重均出现快速增长期；男生体脂百分比呈现缓慢增长趋势，而女生增长速率显著高于男生。2)男女生肺活量的快速增长期在11~13岁，血压的变化则提示血管和心脏发育不同步；低密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈现“拱顶”特征，“拱顶”位于15岁左右。3)男女生力量素质均在12~14岁呈现快速增长趋势，男生17~18岁出现第2个快速增长期；男生速度发展的敏感期较女生更早且持续时间更长，男女生耐力增长均明显滞后于速度素质；男女生反应能力与柔韧性发展变化趋势均基本同步，其中反应能力快速增长期为11~13岁，而柔韧性快速增长期为13~16岁。4)近年广东学生生长水平明显提高。与全国同龄学生比较，广东省学生身高、体重和BMI略低，肺活量较高，但血压尤其是舒张压较高；速度素质和耐力素质较高，而力量素质和柔韧素质较低。 |
LIANG Jian1，LIU Zhen-wei2，HAO Xuan-ming1
| （1.School of Physical Education，South China Normal University，Guangzhou 510006，China；2.Guangya Experimental School，Guangzhou 510176，China) Abstract: The authors studied the physical development and physical health conditions of 2 306 elementary and mid-dle school students (aged 10-18) at 24 elementary and middle schools in Guangdong province. Test indexes include physical development, physical functions and physical qualities. The authors revealed the following findings: 1) the male students’ height had two quick increasing periods respectively at ages 11-14 and ages 17-18, while the female students’ height had one quick increasing period, which was earlier than the male students’; the weight of both the male and female students aged 10-13 had a quick increasing period; the male students’ body fat percentage showed a slowly increasing trend, while the female students’ increasing rate was significantly higher than the male students’; 2) the quick increasing period of the lung capacity of the male and female students occurred at ages 11-13, while their blood pressure changes indicated that blood vessel development and heart development were not synchronous; LDL-C showed “arch” characteristics, the “arc crown” occurred at age 15 or so; 3) both the male and female students’ strength quality showed a quick increasing trend at ages 12-14, the male students showed the second quick increasing period at ages 17-18; the male students’ speed development sensitive period was earlier and lasted longer than the female stu-dents’, both the male and female students’ endurance growth fell significantly behind their speed quality; the male and female students’ reaction capacity and flexibility developing and changing trends were basically synchronous, in which reaction capacity quick increasing period was ages 11-13, while flexibility quick increasing period was ages 13-16; 4) in recent years, the growth levels of the students in Guangdong increased significantly. As compared with the students at the same ages nationwide, the height, weight and BMI of the students in Guangdong were slightly lower, their lung capacity was higher, but their blood pressures, especially diastolic blood pressure, were higher; their speed quality and endurance quality were higher, while their strength quality and flexibility quality were lower. |
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