| （西南大学 体育学院，重庆 400715） 摘 要：为揭示不同高度脚背正面射门的生物力学机制。招募12名受试者对地面球、1/2膝关节高、膝关节高3种位置进行脚背正面射门和空踢各10次。利用2台JVC9800摄像机、国产JP6060多维测力平台进行运动学及动力学同步测量。结果显示：地面球、1/2膝关节及全膝关节3种高度射门，球速、足速经多因素方差分析均有显著差异，其中地面球球速最快、1/2膝关节高度次之、膝关节高最小；实验组受试者摆动腿大腿前摆与后摆、小腿后摆等各运动学指标在不同高度位置射门间无显著性差异，而小腿前摆运动学数据在不同高度射门间存在显著性差异；支撑腿与球垂直距离跟各高度射门的球速、摆动腿足速度、触球即刻膝角、小腿前摆角速度、小腿前摆幅度、小腿前摆时间呈显著相关，而3种高度位置的射门球速与支撑腿着地所受地面反作用力不存在线性关系。结果说明：脚背正面射门击球点高度越低球速越快，故脚背正面射门想要获取更快球速就应该在球高度处于较低位置时将球踢出；通过控制支撑腿与球垂直距离可以控制脚背正面射门的球速、球路、动作时间；支撑腿受到的地面反作用力与踢出球的球速无关，故支撑腿在踢球过程中的主要作用是固定支撑、维持平衡，从而使摆动腿发力更加充分。 |
ZHANG Ting-ran，LUO Jiong
| （School of Physical Education，Southwest University，Chongqing 400715，China) Abstract: In order to reveal the biomechanical mechanism of goal shooting with instep front at different heights, the authors recruited 12 testees to carry out goal shooting with instep front at ground height, 1/2 knee height and knee height, with and without the ball respectively for 10 times, carried out synchronized kinetic and dynamic measure-ment by using two JVC9800 cameras and a domestic JP6060 multidimensional force measurement platform, and revealed the following findings: multi-factor variance analysis showed that the ball speed and foot speed were sig-nificantly different during goal shooting at ground height, 1/2 knee height and knee height, the speed of the ball shot at ground height was the fastest, followed by the speed of the ball shot at 1/2 knee height, tailed by the speed of the ball shot at knee height; various kinetic indexes of the testees in the experiment group, such as forward and back-ward swinging of the thigh, backward swinging of the shank, had no significant difference during goal shooting at different heights, while forward swinging of the shank as a kinetic datum was significantly different during goal shooting at different heights; the vertical distance from the supporting leg to the ball was significantly correlative with the speed of the ball shot at various heights, the speed of the swinging leg, knee angle right at the moment the ball was kicked, angular speed of forward swinging of the shank, amplitude of forward swinging of the shank, and time of forward swinging of the shank, while there was no linear relation between the speed of the ball shot at 3 heights and the ground reacting force born by the supporting leg. The said findings indicate the followings: the lower the ball shooting height during goal shooting with instep front, the faster the ball speed; therefore, if a player wants to get a faster ball speed during goal shooting with instep front, he/she should kicked the ball when it is at a relatively low height; a player can control ball speed, ball flying path and action time during goal shooting with in-step front by controlling the perpendicular distance from the supporting leg to the ball; the ground reacting forced born by the supporting leg is irrelevant to the speed of the ball kicked, hence, the main function of the supporting leg during ball kicking is to fix the support and maintain balance, so that the swinging leg exerts its power more thoroughly. |
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