| （郑州大学 体育系，河南 郑州 450001） 摘 要：为观察目前普遍使用的膝关节水下康复训练法过程中下肢肌肉功能以及膝关节运动学特点，以体育院校的20名健康大学生为研究对象(女10名、男10名)，采用表面肌电仪记录受试者分别进行单次膝关节最大屈伸运动和连续多次重复性屈伸运动时股四头肌(股内侧肌、股外侧肌)和腘绳肌(股二头肌、半腱肌)的肌电信号，同时采用常速摄像机在水下记录膝关节运动(拍摄频率25 Hz)。结果表明在膝关节进行连续重复性屈伸运动时，在运动初始阶段拮抗肌的肌电活动低于主动肌，随后拮抗肌活动逐渐升高直到最大。而在膝关节单次屈伸运动中，主动肌的肌电活动在膝关节产生运动前激活达到最大，并且在整个运动范围内单次屈伸运动时拮抗肌肌电活动都比连续重复性屈伸运动时低，但是在运动范围的后期单次运动时主动肌的肌电活动水平要高于重复运动时。在两种康复训练模式下，膝关节角速度曲线模式以及峰值角速度值都相似。结果说明：水下单次屈伸运动有利于锻炼主动肌，在重复性连续多次屈伸膝关节时，主动肌活动逐渐减弱，拮抗肌增强，这种训练模式有利于前交叉韧带损伤病人的康复。 |
YANG Lin
| （Department of Physical Education，Zhengzhou University，Zhengzhou 450001，China) Abstract: In order to observe the functions of lower limb muscles and the kinematic characteristics of knee joints during underwater knee joint rehabilitation training universally used nowadays, the author selected 20 healthy college students (10 female students and 10 male students) as his research subjects from a physical education institute, recorded the electromy-ographic signals of the quadriceps femoris muscles (vastus medialis muscle, vastus lateralis muscle) and hamstring mus-cles (biceps femoris muscle, semitendinosus muscle) of the testees by using a surface electromyography when the testees were doing one time maximum knee joint flexion and extension and continuously repeated multi-times knee joint flexion and extension respectively, and recorded knee joint movement underwater (at a shooting frequency of 25 Hz) by using con-stant speed cameras. The author revealed the following findings: when knee joints were doing continuously repeated flex-ion and extension, at the initial stage of movement, the myoelectric activity of antagonistic muscles was lower than that of agonistic muscles, later, the activity of antagonistic muscles gradually increased to the maximum; while during one time knee joint flexion and extension, the myoelectric activity of agonistic muscles was activated to the maximum before knee joints moved, and in the entire range of movement, the myoelectric activity of antagonistic muscles was lower than that produced during continuously repeated flexion and extension, but in the late period of movement, the level of myoelectric activity of agonistic muscles produced during one time movement was higher than that produced during repeated move-ment; under the two rehabilitation training modes, the angular speed mode and peak angular speed of knee joints were similar. The said findings indicate the followings: one time underwater flexion and extension is conducive to the exercising of agonistic muscles; when doing continuously repeated multi-times knee joint flexion and extension, the activity of ago-nistic muscles gradually weakens, antagonistic muscles are enhanced; such a training mode is conducive to the rehabilita-tion of patients having an injured anterior cruciate ligament. |
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