| 摘 要：有些业余乒乓球运动员在学习新技术期间，容易出现“练是练，赛是赛”的赛练脱节现象，究其原因是受技能负迁移的干扰而影响了自信心，再深挖就是心理素质欠佳。为此把直板横打拉加转弧圈球技术的“下旋引拍”与横拉上旋球的“上旋引拍”两动作之间关系的干扰效应，通过表象演练训练、集中内在注意力换位思维训练、心理素质实景模拟比赛环境下运用认知控制应激训练等3种心理技能训练，以达到抗干扰的目的，从而提高了自信心及心理素质并较好地解决了赛练脱节的问题。 关 键 词：竞赛与训练；乒乓球运动；业余运动员；赛练脱节；技能负迁移；心理技能训练方案 中图分类号：G846 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-7116(2012)06-0118-05 |
XIONG Zhi-chao （Peace and Happiness Association，ST. Paul’s Co-Educational College，Hong Kong，China）
| Abstract: Why some amateur table tennis players did very well in training when they were learning a new technique, but dared not to use it when the scores went up alternatively or at a critical moment during a game? For such a sign of discon-nection between competition and training, namely, “training is one thing, competition is another”, the reason is attributed to that the players’ confidence was affected by the interference of negative migration of skills, or fundamentally, that their mental makings were not so good. The players should pursue proficiency technically, and must work hard mentally. Hence, the author put forward to counteract the effect of interference in the relationship between such two moves as “stroking the racket to make a downward rotating ball” (the technique of hitting the ball with a vertically held table tennis racket used as a horizontally held one plus making a rotating arc ball) and “stroking the racket to make an upward rotating ball” (making an upward rotating ball by stroking the racket horizontally) via such 3 types of mental and technical training as scenario rehearsal training, attention concentrated empathetic thinking training, and training for applying recognition to control stress in a mental making simulated competition environment, thus enhancing confidence and mental makings and nicely solving the problem of disconnection between competition and training. Key words: competition and training；table tennis；amateur player；disconnection between competition and training；negative migration of skills；mental skill training plan |
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