| （1.江西师范大学 体育学院，江西 南昌 330027；2.浙江邮电职业技术学院，浙江 绍兴 312006） 摘 要：在当今两种主要哲学观中，本质主义寻求着事物的共性和普遍性，反本质主义认为本质是一个幻影。本质主义立场寻找着竞技确定的本质，而反本质主义以语言游戏为据认为游戏无本质。在文化语境中游戏存在着一个泛化的乱象，其自身的不确定性使得游戏本质难以寻找与琢磨，因此，无法成为规定其他事物的实体概念。原始游戏和文化游戏的区别，又使得游戏概念复杂和易变，虽然在表现形式上游戏与竞技存在着联系，但在本质上却不是同一事物。在本质主义视域中，身体性、乐趣和竞争也寻找不到游戏和竞技的同一性，它们缺乏共同的本质。作为一个泛化的“游戏”概念，无法成为规定“竞技”本质的内核，竞技本质不在游戏之中，因此，“竞技本质游戏论”不成立。竞技是生存技能的传习、演练和展示，是一种改造自然的技艺，最后认为：竞技是身体性运动竞争的技艺。 |
LIU Xin-ran1，YU Xiao-ling2
| （1.School of Physical Education，Jiangxi Normal University，Nanchang 330027，China；2.Zhejiang Vocational College of Posts and Telecommunications，Shaoxing 312006，China） Abstract: In two major philosophical views today, essentialism seeks for the generality and universality of things, while anti-essentialism thinks essence is an illusion. Essentialism seeks for the certain essence of competition in terms of standpoint, while anti-essentialism thinks games have no essence based on language game. In the context of culture, there is a generalized chaos in games, its uncertainty makes it difficult to seek for and figure out the es-sence of games. Therefore, there is no way to specify the substantial concepts of other things. Moreover, the differ-ences between primitive games and cultural games make the concept of game complicated and volatile. Although in terms of the form of expression, games and competition are related, essentially they are not the same thing. From the perspective of essentialism, there is no way to find the sameness of games and competition in body attribute, fun and competition. As a generalized concept of “game”, it cannot become the essential core of “competition”, hence, “the game theory of the essence of competition” is false. Competition is the teaching, learning, exercising and showing of survival skills, a technique to change nature. Lastly, the authors considered that competition is a tech-nique for bodily sports competition. |
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