| （中山大学 教育学院体育教育系，广东 广州 510275） 摘 要：通过对我国不同时期体育锻炼标准出台的历史背景、实施情况进行梳理，并对这一标准变迁进行分析，概括出新中国成立以来我国体育锻炼标准演变过程中所表现出的规律性：制订过程从学习借鉴到自主研制转变；测试内容从体能主导向注重体质健康转变；测试对象由广泛性到针对性转变；测试手段从纯人工向半智能化过渡；执行态度从自愿性向强制性转变；评价方法从达标法到评分法转变；标准地位从部门规章上升到国家战略高度。演变过程体现了鲜明的时代性、健身性、激励性、灵活性和可操作性等特征。并从社会和人的全面发展视角，提出了持继发展的对策：正视标准的战略地位、改革标准的管理方法、完善标准的评价体系、提高标准测试的科技含量、突破标准执行中的传统阻力、强化标准的法规约束力。 |
LIANG Heng，LI Jing-bo
| （Department of Physical Education，Sun Yat-Sen University，Guangzhou 510275，China） Abstract: By examining the historical background for the launch of and implementation of the physical exercise standard in China in different periods, and by analyzing the transition of this standard, the authors summed up the following patterns shown in the process of evolution of the physical exercise standard in China since its founding: the establishment process changed from learning or referring to independent development, the test content changed from emphasizing physical stamina to focusing on physical fitness, the test subject changed from general to specific, the test means transited from purely manual to semi-intelligent, the execution attitude changed from voluntary to compulsive, the evaluation method changed from standard meeting method to scoring method, and the standard status was lifted from department regulations to national strategies. The process of evolution showed such charac-teristics as vividly temporal, fitness helpful, simulating, flexible and operable. The authors also put forward the fol-lowing measures for developing this standard in a sustainable way from the perspective of comprehensive social and individual development: think about the standard’s strategic status positively; reform the standard management method; perfect the standard evaluation system; increase the technical content of standard testing; break through traditional resistances in standard execution; intensify the standard’s legal constraining power. |
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