| （华南师范大学 体育科学学院，广东 广州 510006） 摘 要：追溯建国以来的体育体制，80年代后形成的所谓“举国体制”是一种具有高度行政垄断性质的，与计划经济社会完全契合的体育体制。我国竞技体育现行管理体制特点包括：政府占绝对主导地位、将奥运会设为竞技体育最高层次、以专业体工队长期训练为主的训练体制、以“全运会”为核心的竞赛体制。运动员伤病问题、对运动员终极关怀无法体现、后备人才萎缩，成为我国竞技体育管理体制的人文代价；而竞技体育是否为公共产品、运动竞赛的包袱难以卸载、查禁兴奋剂的成本高，成为我国竞技体育管理体制的经济代价；政府处于竞技体育政治风险的风口浪尖、比赛结果的“谎言化”、公平竞争的机制遭到破坏，成为我国竞技体育管理体制的政治代价。 |
LU Yuan-zhen
| （School of Physical Education，South China Normal University，Guangzhou 510006，China） Abstract: Tracing back to China’s sport system since the establishment of China, the so called “nationwide system” formed in the 1980s is a sport system that is highly administratively monopolistic and completely compatible with the planned economic society. The characteristics of the competitive sports system in China include the followings: the government is in an absolutely dominating position, setting the Olympic Games as the highest level of competi-tive sports, and adopting a training system that depends mainly on the long term training of professional sports teams, and a competition system that bases its core on the “National Games”. The injury and sickness problems of athletes, the failure to show the ultimate care for athletes, and the decrease of the number of backup talents, have become the humanistic price paid by the competitive sports management system in China; whether competitive sports being public products, the difficulty for sport competitions to release their burdens, and the high cost for ban-ning stimulants, have become the economic price paid by the competitive sport management system in China; the government standing on the cutting edge of political risks in competitive sports, competition results being turned into lies, and the fair competition mechanism being damaged, have become the political price paid by the competi-tive sports management system in China. |
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