| （安徽巢湖学院 体育系，安徽 巢湖 238000） 摘 要：先秦时期，楚国吸收吴、越的冶金技术和击剑技艺铸造出长剑。楚国不但拥有射术精湛的高手，而且形成了较完整的射术理论。“长兵的缩短，短兵的延长”，显示了楚人的聪明才智和创新精神，也使武艺的内容、方法更加丰富和充实。荆楚地区独特恶劣的地理环境和战争、动乱的历史条件是楚人尚武的根本原因。战国初期，在楚国上层贵族中流行导引养生术，深受道家养生思想的影响，练养结合是荆楚武术的特点。楚人“赴江刺蛟、遂断其头”的刚勇品性，闪耀着楚人尚武的精神光芒。楚人尚武，乐战轻死的民族性格，具有深厚的文化底蕴和浓郁的荆楚民族体育风格，正如《史记》中云：“楚人剽疾，勿与争锋是也”。 |
WANG Jia-zhong
| （Department of Physical Education，Anhui Chaohu College，Chaohu 238000，China） Abstract: In the pre-Qin period, the Chuese had forged fencing swords by learning metallurgical technologies and sword forging techniques from the states of Wu and Yue. The state of Chu not only had excellent archers with ex-quisite archery, but also developed a relatively complete archery theory. “The shrinkage of long weapons, the exten-sion of short weapons” showed the intelligence and innovative spirit of the Chuese, also made the contents and methods of martial arts more diversified and completed. The unique hostile geographical environments and specific historical conditions such as wars and turmoil in the Jing and Chu regions were the fundamental reasons for the Chuese to worship martial arts. In the early state warring period, the guided fit keeping technique prevailing among upper nobles in the state of Chu was deeply influenced by the fit keeping ideology of Taoists; the combination of body exercising and fit keeping was the characteristic of Wushu in the states of Jing and Chu. The brave character of the Chuese, as described in “a Chuese killed a flood dragon and cut off its head”, shined out the martial art wor-shiping spirit of the Chuese. Such national characters of the Chuese as worshipping martial arts, willing to fight and not afraid of death, contained profound cultural connotations and enriched national sports styles of the states of Jing and Chu. As described in the Historical Records: “The Chuese are nimble, so we should not fight with them”. |
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